UNIT 1: The Process of the Journey

1. UNIT 1: The Process of the Journey NightjohnbyGary Paulsen

2. Term Definition Example This Is Just To Say by William Carlos Williams I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox and which you were probably saving for breakfast Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold Explicit textual evidence Clear, openly stated information in a story that tells you the meaning.

3. Term Definition Example From: “i carry your heart with me” by e.e. cummings i carry your heart with me (i carry it in my heart) i am never without it (anywhere i go you go, my dear.) Based on the poem, what do you think the author is really trying to say? Implicit textual evidence Indirect (not stated outright) information in a story that helps you understand the meaning.

4. Term Definition Example Home: a house, apartment, or other shelter that is the usual residence of a person, family, or household. Literal Language The exact meaning of a word or phrase.

5. Term Definition Example Simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole “Her smile was a rainbow.” Figurative Language Language used in a non-literal way to express a relationship between unlike things.

6. Term Definition Example Heroes in Harry Potter: Harry Potter Heroines in Harry Potter: Hermione Granger Hero/Heroine The main character in a story. The hero or heroine is usually trying to accomplish a goal. Male=Hero Female=Heroine

7. Term Definition Example Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone The Diary of a Wimpy Kid Twilight Little Red Riding Hood Narrative A story or account of events, experiences, or the like.

8. Term Definition Example The day, season, place, room, time, year, etc. Harry Potter: Where: Hogwarts Castle, England When: present Setting Where and when a story takes place.

9. Term Definition Example Characters in Harry Potter: Harry Potter Hermione Granger Ron Weasley Prof. Dumbledore Voldemort Draco Malfoy Ginny Weasley Character Who or what is in the story

10. Term Definition Example Think of a story you have recently read. Write down a short PLOT summary. Include the major events (including conflicts), but do not add too many details! Plot Conflict (Problem) The organization of events in a story. The suspense, anticipation, or curiosity that will carry your reader to the end of the story.

11. Term Definition Example The punch line of a joke is a good example of climax. Suddenly the person hearing the joke changes and understands why the joke is funny. At the climax in a story, things change from what they were. Plot Climax The organization of events in a story. The turning point of the story. The climax occurs at the highest emotional point.

12. Term Definition Example Think of a story you have recently read. Write down the RESOLUTION to that story. How did the story end? Plot Resolution The organization of events in a story. Tying up any loose ends and resolving the conflict of the story.

13. Term Definition Example Love, patriotism, regret, overcoming obstacles, believing in yourself, etc. A theme is usually a complete sentence. Bad Example: Through his many struggles, Harry Potter found a way to overcome any obstacle whether it be caused by Voldemort, Draco Malfoy, or just the difficulties of being a teenager. Good Example: Teenagers can learn to overcome any obstacles even if they seem impossible in the moment. Theme The underlying message of the poem. The message the author wants you to get. A theme should be fit with the story you are reading, but also be general enough to fit with other stories, too.

14. Term Definition Example Bad Example: Larry is a sloppy dresser. Good Example: Larry wears dirty, baggy pants, shirts too small to stay tucked in, socks that fail to match his pants or each other, and a stained coat the Salvation Army rejected as a donation. Sensory Detail Details that are meant to make solid images in the reader’s mind. (sight, sound, smell, touch & taste.)

17. Term Definition Example Various X-Men comics: mutants as an allegory for various social and racial minorities. Avatar: an allegory for the Native American Extermination for riches (gold, mahogany, etc.). Allegory A story where the characters and events are used to connect to or symbolize a deeper meaning.

18. Term Definition Example A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift (1729) For Preventing The Children of Poor People in Ireland From Being A Burden to Their Parents or Country, and For Making Them Beneficial to The Public “I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled ...” Satire A literary composition where human folly is held up to scorn or ridicule by use of irony.

19. Term Definition Example In Nightjohn, John feels a responsibility to come back to the South, even after a successful escape to the North, to teach other slaves to read. He does so knowing that he could become a slave again himself and receive very harsh punishments. Strength of Character One that does not avoid responsibility who stands by their decisions in the face of the enemy, peers and superiors.

20. Term Definition Example Wedding Ring = commitment American Flag = freedom What is another example of symbolism? Symbolism The representation of an idea by an object.

21. Term Definition Example The author's style could be humorous, serious, casual, formal, etc. An author could use long or short sentences, formal or informal language, etc. In Nightjohn, Gary Paulsen is very visual in his writing. His stories are realistic in setting and character type. He also uses informal language (in the form of dialect and slang). Writing Style How an author writes what they write.

22. Term Definition Example When Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die in battle from an arrow. So his mother took Achilles to a magical river which was supposed to offer powers of invincibility and dipped his body into the water. But as she held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles. But one day, an arrow shot at him was lodged in his heel, killing him instantly. When someone wants to discuss one’s weak point, s/he will refer to it as his/her “Achilles’ Heel,” meaning that they are strong in all areas except for that one tiny spot. Allusion A reference within a work to something famous outside it, such as a well-known person, place, event, story, or work of art, literature, music, pop culture.