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GS SS S SFS

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GS SS S SFS

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    1. ?????G???S ??S??S ??S S??????F???S

    4. ?e????e? ? p??t? e????a (?) de???e? t? ??tta???? s?µa e??? ?e????a, µe?e???µ??? ap? ??a? ap? t??? ?e????e? p?? ape????????ta? st?? de?te?? e????a (?). ?? ??tta???? s?µa e??? ?e????a ap?te?e?ta? ap? t?? e??te???? µeµß???? t?? p????a p?? pe????e? t? ??tta??p?asµa ?a? ta µ?t????d??a. ? de?te?? e????a (?) de???e? µe???? ap? ta s??µata p?? µp??e? ?a p????? ?? ?e????e?. ?? ??e? p?? e?te????ta? ??? ap? ???e ??tta???? s?µa, ?? ????e? ?a? ?? de?d??te?, e??a? µeta?? t?? ?a?a?t???st???? p?? ?a??st??? t??? ?e????e? µ??ad?????.

    7. ??ta?a??ast??? t??? ??a ?t?p?µa st? ???at? p???d?te? µ?a s?ed?? a?a??a?a a???????a ?e????t?? p?? a????e? µe t?? e?e???p???s? t?? a?s??t???a??? ?e?????? p?? a?t?d???? st? t??t?µa. ?ta? t?t???? ?e????e? e?e???p?????ta? ?? ?????? t??? ?? ?p???? ?ata?????? µ?sa st? ??t?a?? µ?e?? p???a???? t??? e?d??e????e? ?a e?e???p???????. ??t? µe t? se??? t?? p???a?e? t?? e?e???p???s? t?? ????t???? ?e?????? ?? ????e? t?? ?p???? ?ata?????? st??? µ???a???? µ?e?. ?? ap?t??esµa e??a? µ?a s?st??? t?? µ???a??? µ??? ?a? ??a s???µa t?? ??t? s??????. ?? p????f???e? ??a t? a?ta?a??ast??? t?? ????t?? ?a? ??a t? t? ??e? ???e? t? p?d? a?eßa????? st?? e??efa???? f???? a??? ? a?ta?a??ast??? a?t?d?as? ?????????eta? ????? ?a ??e?????ta? ?d???e? ap? t?? e???fa??.

    8. ? a????p???? e???fa???

    9. ??at?µ???? ?a? ?e?t???????? pe?????? t?? f?????

    10. Sta?µ?? st?? ?st???a t?? ?e???????????a? Francis Joseph Gall: F?e??????a Paul Broca (1860) ?arl Wernicke (1874) Karl Lashey (1929) “Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence” Donald D. Hebb (1940) “The Organization of Behavior” Hubel & Wiesel (1981): ??aße?? ??µpe? Roger Sperry (1981): ??aße?? ??µpe? ??a ?at???? ?a? F?s??????a

    11. F?e????????? ???t?? ? Franz Gall e??a? ??a? ???st?? a?at?µ?? t?? 18?? a???a. ??ste?e ?t? ?a?eµ?? ap? t?? t????ta p??te ??????????? ?e?t?????e? p?? ape????????ta? pa?ap??? ed???eta? se ??a e?d??? µ???? t?? e??ef???? ?a? ?t? ?? e????? st? ??a??? ?de???a? p??e? ap? a?t?? ?ta? ?a??te?a a?apt??µ??e?. ? p??s????s? t?? Gall e??a? ???st? ?? f?e??????a .

    12. ?? µ??t??? Wernicke-Geschwind ?a a??ste?? s??µa ape??????e? t?? a???????a t?? ?e????t?? ?ta? µ?a ???? pa???s???eta? ?a? t? ?t?µ? epa?a?aµß??e? t? ???? se f???µat??? µ??f?. ?e?????? ?se?? st?????ta? ap? t? a?t? st?? ????a a???st??? pe?????, a??? ? ???? de? µp??e? ?a ???e? ?ata???t? p??? µetafe??e? t? s?µa st?? pe????? t?? Wernicke. St?? pe????? t?? Wernicke ? a???st??? µ??f? t?? ????? a?e???s?eta? ?a? µetaf??eta? µ?s? µ?a? d?sµ?? ?e?????? ???? st?? pe????? t?? Broca. St?? pe????? t?? Broca e?e???p??e?ta? ??a? a????t???? ??d??a? ??a t?? ???e??, ? ?p???? µe t? se??? t?? ?a??d??e? t?? ????s?a?? pe????? . ? ????s?a?? pe????? ?d??e? ta ?e???, t? ???ssa ?a? t? ??????a ?a pa?????? t? f????µe?? ????. St? de?? s??µa, µ?a ??aµµ??? ???? pa???s???eta? ?a? t? ?t?µ? e?f??e? t? ????. ?? ?pt??? e?se???µe?? st? µ?t? a????? µetaf??eta? st?? ????a ?pt??? pe????? ?a? µet? µetaß?ß??eta? st? ?????d? ????a. ? ?????d?? ????a s??d???e? t?? ?pt??? µ??f? t?? ????? µe t?? a?????? a???st??? ??d??a st?? pe????? t?? Wernicke. ????? ? a???st???? ??d??a? a?e???s?eta? ?a? ? s?µas?a t?? ????? a?a??????eta?, ? e?f???s? t?? ????? ep?t?????eta? µ?s? t?? ?d?a? a???????a? ?e????t?? ?p?? ?a? p??????µ????.

    13. ? a??pt??? t?? ??as?? se e?e???µe?? pe??ß????? St? pe??aµa a?t?, ?at???a µe?????a? st? s??t?d? ap? t? ?????s? t??? µ???? t?? ?????a t?? 2 eßd?µ?d??. ?et? t?p??et???ta? se a?t? t? s????a ??a p??te ??e? t?? ?µ??a ?a? t?? ?p????p? ?a??? ?µe?a? st? s??t?d?. ?? ?at??? e??a? p??? se µ?a d?afa?? p?atf??µa ap? Plexiglass ?a? ? ????t?? s????a? e?te??eta? p??? ?a? ??t? ap? a?t?. F???e? ??a pe???a?µ?? t? ?p??? eµp?d??e? t? ??a t?? s?µat?? ?a? ap?t??pe? t?? pe??st??f? t?? ?efa????. ?a ?at???a de? fa??eta? ?a d?sa?as?et??? µe a?t? t?? ?at?stas?. ???te µ??e? µet? ta ?at???a µp????sa? ?a d???e ???ete? ???e? p??? ?a??, a??? ?ta? ??s?ast??? t?f?? st?? ??????t?e? ???e?. ?p?p???? µ?????tta???? ?ata??af? ß???e p??? ???a ??tta?a st??? f?????? t??? p?? a?t?d???sa? se ??????t?e? ???e?.

    14. ??s??t???a??? e?s???? sta d?? ?µ?sfa???a ?e ta µ?t?a p??s???µ??a ?ate??e?a? µp??st? e?e??sµata st? a??ste?? s?µe?? p??s???s?? p??a????? st? de?? e??efa???? ?µ?sfa???? ?a? e?e??sµata st? de?? p??a????? st? a??ste?? ?µ?sfa????. ?? a??ste?? ?µ?sfa???? e????e? t?? ????se?? t?? de???? ?e???? ?a? t? de?? ?µ?sfa???? e????e? t? a??ste?? ????. ? a??? e??a? st? µe?a??te?? ßa?µ? ??ast? a??? µe????? ???t???? a?apa?ast?se?? p??a????? st? ?µ?sfa???? p?? e??a? st?? ?d?a p?e??? µe t? a?t? p?? t?? ?at???a?e. ?? a??ste?? ?µ?sfa???? e????e? t? ??apt? ?a? p??f????? ???? ?a? t??? µa??µat????? ?p?????sµ???. ?? de?? ?µ?sfa???? µp??e? ?a ?ata???se? µ??? t?? ap?? ???ssa, ? ????a ??a??t?t? t?? fa??eta? ?a ??e? s??s? µe t? d?µ? t?? ????? ?a? t?? a?s??s? t?? s??µ?t??.

    15. ???????ta? t?? ??a??t?te? t?? d?? ?µ?sfa????? (a) ?? ?t?µ? p?? ?p?st? t?µ? t?? µes???ß??? s?st? ß??s?e? ??a a?t??e?µe?? µe t?? af? ?ta? t? ???µ? t?? p??ß???eta? st? de?? ?µ?sfa????, a??? de? µp??e? ?a ???µ?se? t? a?t??e?µe?? ?a? ?a pe??????e? t? t? ??e? ???e?. (ß) ? ???? ???d??a ?ap???? p??ß???eta? ??a e????st? ????? ?ts? ?ste ? ???? ?ap??? p??a??e? st? de?? e??efa???? ?µ?sfa???? ?a? ? ???? ???d??a p??a??e? st? a??ste?? ?µ?sfa????. ?? ?t?µ? a?af??e? ?t? ß??pe? t? ???? ???d??a a??? de? ??e? ?d?a t? e?d??? ???d??a. (?) ??a? ?at?????? µe ????? a?t??e?µe?a (s?µpe???aµßa??µ???? t?? ???e?? ß?ß??? ?a? f??t????) pa???s???eta? a????? ?a? sta d?? ?µ?sfa???a. ??a ???? ap? t?? ?at????? (ß?ß???) p??ß???eta? µet? st? de?? ?µ?sfa????. ?ta? d??eta? ? e?t??? ?a ???e? a?t? t? a??ste?? ???? a????e? ?a ???fe? t? ???? ß?ß???, a??? ?ta? t? ?t?µ? e??t??e? de? ??????e? t? ??e? ????e? t? a??ste?? t?? ???? ?a? µa?te?e? t? ???? f??t????.

    16. ????d?? ??e??a? st?? ?e???ep?st?µe? ?ept?µe??? e??tas? t?? e??ef???? µet? ???at? ?fa??es? s???e???µ???? e??efa????? pe?????? se ??a ?a? µe??t? t?? ep?pt?se?? t??? ??p???t?s? ??e?t??d??? se s???e???µ??a s?µe?a t?? e??efa????? f????? ?p?????st??? ??????? ??µ???af?a (CAT) ??µ???af?a ?a???t???? S??t???sµ?? (MRI) ??µ???af?a ??p?µp?? ????t?????? (PET) (?e?t??????? ape?????s? t?? e??ef???? µ?s? ???s?? ?ad?e?e???? ??s??? p?? ap????f???ta? µ??? ap? ta e?e???p???µ??a ??tta?a ?at? t? d????e?a µ?a? ???t???? d?e??as?a?)

    17. ??µ???af?a e?p?µp?? p???t?????? (a) ? ape?????s? t?? e??ef???? µe ???s? t?? ??µ???af?a? ??p?µp?? ????t?????? (???) de???e? t?e?? pe?????? st? a??ste?? ?µ?sfa???? p?? e??a? e?e???p???µ??e? ?at? t? d????e?a e??? ???ss???? ?????. (ß) ?? ??????e? pe?????? de?????? t? µ???st? e??efa???? d?ast????t?ta. ?? µp?e pe?????? de?????? t?? e????st? d?ast????t?ta.

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