Unit 8

1. Unit 8 Travel

2. Unit 8 Travel • Pre-reading Tasks • While-reading Tasks • Post-reading Tasks • Leisure Time

3. Pre-reading Tasks • Where is the author living? • How did the author feel when he/ she decided to stop by and take a look at Niagara Falls through the eyes of a tourist? • Have you ever had the same kind of experience as the author did? (Script: P.341)

4. Pre-reading Tasks • Few of us have had the chance to visit an out-of-the-way place such as a jungle, desert, or remote mountainous area. Would such a trip be worthwhile? Annie Dillard figured it would.

5. About the Author Annie Dillard Annie Dillard (1945--) A nature writer and Pulitzer Prize winner Text A is taken from Teaching a Stone to Talk(Expeditions and Encounters)(1988).

6. About the Author Annie Dillard This book is a collection of her "Expeditions and Encounters" as the subtitle quickly informs us. She takes expeditions to the Pole, to the jungle, to a solar eclipse, to a cabin in the woods; she encounters a weasel, silence in a field, God in a doorway, mirages, and a nine-year-old girl. And she grabs hold of each expedition and encounter, not daring to let it go, ever.

7. About the Author Annie Dillard Dillard's writing career began early in high school when she began composing poetry. She has an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. Often she reads over 100 books a year, on just about any topic imaginable. She's been this way from her childhood on.

8. About the Author Her works include An American Childhood and Teaching a Stone to Talk, The Living, and Mornings Like This. But Dillard is perhaps best known for Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, the book which won her the Pulitzer Prize at age 29. "By the time I finished the book, I weighed about 98 pounds," Dillard said. "I never went to bed. I would write all night until the sun was almost coming up." She admits that she has changed since then, but says she does not regret "fanaticism of youth." Annie Dillard

9. About the Author Annie Dillard In 1982 she was honored with an invitation to take part in a cultural delegation of scholars, traveling with them to China.

10. While-reading Tasks • Text A In the Jungle • Annie Dillard tells of her visit to the Napo River in the jungle, one of nature’s most unspoiled places. • What is the function of the two phrases “out of the way” (Para 1) and “in the way” (Para 18) ?

11. While-reading Tasks • Text Organization(P.273) • Part One (Paras 1-5) • Part Two (Paras 6-8) • Part Three (Paras 9-18)

12. Text Analysis and Language Study • Part One(Paras 1-5) • Main Idea: • Description of the Napo River and surrounding jungle scenery at night, together with the author’s reflections on it • Cultural Notes: • Language Study: • Questions:

13. Cultural Notes Amazon (P.285 Cloze B)

14. Cultural Notes Amazon (river): river in northern South America, largely in Brazil, ranked as the largest in the world in terms of watershed area, number of tributaries, and volume of water discharged. Measuring 6,400 km (4,000 mi) from source to mouth, it is second in length only to the Nile among the rivers of the world. With its hundreds of tributaries, the Amazon drains a territory of more than 6 million sq km (2.3 million sq mi), roughly half of which is in Brazil; the rest is in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Venezuela. It is estimated

15. Cultural Notes that the Amazon discharges between 34 million and 121 million liters (9 million and 32 million gallons) of water per second and deposits a daily average of 3 million tons of sediment near its mouth. The annual outflow from the river accounts for one-fifth of all the fresh water that drains into the oceans of the world. The outpouring of water and sediment is so vast that the salt content and color of the Atlantic Ocean are altered for a distance of about 320 km (about 200 mi) from the mouth of the river.

16. Language Study 1. out-of-the-way (L1) • (1) (a) far away from cities and difficult to reach; remote; far-off; far-away • ---We have bought a little cottage, quite out of the way. • (b) exceptional; uncommon • --- He has done nothing out of the way. • (c ) well resolved • --- I feel better, now that one problem is out of the way.

17. out-of-the-way (L1) • (2) out of sight (L69): --- The woman didn’t go into the house until her daughter drove away and slowly faded out of sight. • (3)out of range(L86): --- too far away to be reached, seen or heard • ---in/ within / out of /beyond (firing) range 在射程以内（以外） • ---She was out of range (of my voice).

18. out-of-the-way (L1) • (4) out of action(no longer able to operate or function), out of date, out of doors, out of hand(out of control), out of breath, out of order, out of place, out of print（绝版的）, out of proportion, out of season（not in season）, out of shape(not having the usualshape; unfit 不健康), out of the ordinary (unusual; exceptional), out of the question(notworth discussing; impossible), out of practice（荒疏）

19. 2. stump (L3) • (1) 树桩；残余部分 the stump of a cigarette, a pencil, a tooth, a limb (香烟头，铅笔头， 残牙， 残肢) • (2) sapling树苗, trunk, bark, shade of a tree / tree shade, shadow of the trees, wart树瘤, tree-crown树冠, crotch of a tree / fork树杈, leaf, annual ring, branch, bough粗树枝, twig嫩枝, knot节疤, the tip of a tree / treetop树梢， limb树主枝

20. 3. spatter (L11) • (1) v. • (a) It suggests larger amounts of paint, mud, blood, etc being thrown at sb. and making him or her dirty. • spatter sth. on /over sb./sth. ; spatter sb./sth. with sth. • ---spatter oil on one’s clothes / spatter one’s clothes with oil • ---The bus spattered them with mud as it passed in the rain.

21. 3. spatter (L11) • (b) fall or rain down in drops • ---We heard the rain spattering down on the roof of the hut. • (2) n. ----sprinkling; small shower • e.g. the spatter of raindrops on the roof

22. spill, splash, sprinkle, spray • spill: ---It’s no use crying over spilt milk. • ---The ink has spilt on the desk. • ---Don’t spill the soup. • splash: We splash liquids when we spill them accidentally（不慎洒出）. • ---Don’t let the acid splash on your hand. • 泼洒;溅 ---splash-ink（泼墨） • ---splash water on the floor • ---splash water over each other

23. spill, splash, sprinkle, spray • sprinkle: Sprinkle is used with water, sand, salt, etc and indicates intentional scattering, usually over a small area . • ---the Water-Sprinkling Festival of the Dai • ---Sprinkle a little salt on the food. • ---The priest sprinkled holy water on the baby’s forehead. • ---Sprinkle some water before you sweep.

24. spill, splash, sprinkle, spray • spray:We spray small drops of paint, perfume, chemicals, etc, usually with an aerosol（内压式喷雾器） or a spray-gun（喷枪）, in order to cover an area completely. • ---spray herbicide • ---spray paint on one’s car

25. 4. illumine (formal) = illuminate (L12) • (1) shine light on • ---The sky was illumined by flashes from the volcano. • ---Torches illumined the picnic areas. • (2) decorate sth. with bright lights for a special occasion • ---All the streets are illumined at Christmas. • (3) make sth. clear; help to explain • ---This book illuminates the whole problem.

26. 5. tangle(L14) • (1) v. (a) (cause sth. to) become twisted into a confused mass • ---His hair tangles easily. • (b) tangle with sb./sth.---become involved in a quarrel or fight with sb./sth. • --- I wouldn’t tangle with him, if I were you.

27. 5. tangle(L14) • (2) n. (a) confused mass (of string, hair, etc.) • --- The wool got in a fearful tangle. • --- Her hair was full of tangles after being out in the wind. • (b) confused condition • --- His mind was in a complete tangle.

28. 6. stir (L17) (L105) • ⑴ ---stir the soup with a spoon • ---I put milk in my tea and stirred. • ⑵ (cause sth. to) move slightly • ---A gentle breeze stirred the leaves (her hair, the curtains). • ---Not a leaf stirred. • ⑶excite or arouse (a person or his feelings, etc.) • ---The story stirred the boy’s imagination. • ---Old memories stirred as she looked at the photographs.

29. 6. stir (L17) (L105) • ⑷ stir-fry： v.（用旺火）快炒 n.（东方式）炒菜 • ⑸stir : n. --- Give the soup a stir. • ---轰动 The book caused quite a stir.（引起相当轰动） • ⑹stirring: very exciting • ---He made a stirring speech and everyone cheered.

30. 7. twine (L18) • (1) v. (cause sth. to) twist, coil or wind round sth. • 编， 搓， 扎 ---She twined her hair into braids. • ---He made a rope by twining strings. • 盘绕 ---The vine twines around the tree. • 蜿蜒 ---A snake twined over the ground. • (2) n. strong thread or string made by twisting two or more strands of hemp, cotton, etc together 二股或多股线或绳

31. 8. dissolve ( L20) • ⑴---Water dissolves salt. • ---Salt dissolves in water. • ---Dissolve the salt in water. • ⑵ fade away; disappear • ---The view dissolved in mist. • ---The mountains dissolved behind a thick curtain of clouds. • ---All his hopes dissolved at the terrible news.

32. 8. dissolve ( L20) • ⑶ (cause sth. to) come to an end • ---Parliament dissolved (or was dissolved). • ---dissolve a business partnership, a marriage, an agreement • (4)dissolve in sth. 情不自禁(can’t help doing sth.) • --- dissolve in tears/laughter/giggles

33. Questions • 1. How does the author describe the summer night in the jungle? • 2. There is an abundance of sensory impressions in the essay. Find out the sensory impressions in Part One.

34. Text Analysis and Language Study • Part Two(Paras 6-8) • Main Idea: • Recalling what happened to her at their arrival at the village and what others felt about the Napo River and the people there • Language Study: • Questions:

35. Language Study 9. disembark (L25) • ---disembark from a ship, a plane • ---disembark passengers , goods from the plane • the prefix “em” 置于…之内，上… • emplane （使）乘飞机；把…装入飞机 embay 使入海湾， embed嵌入 • bark （三桅帆船）；（诗）小船 • embark （使）上船或飞机； 搭载

36. “dis” ( prefix ) • ⑴表否定： • dishonest, disloyal, disadvantage, disbelief, disproof (反证), disprove (prove to be wrong or false证明为误), dispraise, disembark (L25) • ⑵除去， 解除 ： • disarm : (解除武装) --disarm the enemy (of his weapons); (裁军) --The superpowers are unlikely to disarm completely. --nuclear disarmament disburden (relieve of a burden) , disbud (remove buds from从…摘去幼芽)

37. “dis” (prefix) • ⑶分开， 离， 散 ： • dissolve (L20) （溶解；分解；解散；消散）, dissect （解剖；剖析）, distract (使分心), dispel （驱散）, dispense (分配；配发（药）), distribute • dis=di : digress (wander from the main topic 离题), divorce • ⑷加在名词前构成动词， 表“使失去”： • discourage, dispirit, discredit （使丧失信誉）, discolor ( 使)褪色

38. 10. slump (L25) • (1) v. (a) sit or fall down heavily • ---He slumped onto the sofa , completely exhausted. • (b) ( of prices, trade, business activity) fall suddenly or greatly • ---The company’s shares slumped last month. • ---Sales slumped by 20% last year. • (2) n. period when business is bad, sales are few,etc; depression

39. 11. be dying to do sth. / for sth.: (L29) • desire (to do) sth. eagerly • ---She was dying to tell them the good news that she had won first prize in the speech contest. • ---I’m really dying for a drink on a day like this.

40. Questions • 1. What made Dilliard loose her hair from its braids in the middle of night? What had happened before that? • 2. What did the Manhattan writer think about their spending time in the jungle? • 3. Find out the sensory impressions in Part Two.

41. Text Analysis and Language Study • Part Three(Paras 9-18) • Main Idea: • Detailed description of journeying in the jungle and her feelings about it • Language Study: • Questions:

42. Language Study12. fringe (L44) • (1)n. (a) (BrE)=(AmE) bangs (plural) the part of your hair that hangs over your forehead 留海儿 • ---Mary has straight shoulder-length hair and a short fringe / short bangs. • (b) decorative edge on a garment, rug,etc. 穗子,流苏,毛边 • (c ) the outer edge or limit of sth. • --- The new suburbs were springing up on the fringes of the city. • (2) v. be fringed by/with sth.: have sth. as a border • --- The estate was fringed with stately elms. 那片地以挺拔的榆树为界。

43. 13. smear (L51) • (1) spread a greasy or sticky substance on sth./sb. • smear sth. on /over sth./sb.; smear sth./sb. with sth. • ---The tablecloth was smeared with jam. • ---She smeared suntan lotion on her face. • (2) make sth. dirty or greasy; smudge • ---The window was all smeared after the rain. • (3) (fig) damage (sb. or sb.’s reputation) • ---smear sb.’s reputation

44. 14. repute (L53) • (1) v. believe, consider (If you say that sth. is reputed to be true, you mean that people say it is true, but you don’t know if it is definitely true; often used in passive; a formal word.)一般称为，一般认为 • ---He is reputed as / to be the best singer in the city. • ---He was reputed to be a millionaire. • (2) n. (formal) reputation

45. 15. hug (L59) • ⑴---Mary threw her arms around him and hugged him tight. • ⑵keep close to • ---The road hugs the river. • ---We hugged the wall to avoid being seen. • ⑶hug oneself 得意， 沾沾自喜 • hug oneself on / for sth.因…而沾沾自喜 • ⑷cling firmly to and take pleasure in (opinions) 坚持并乐于信守（观点，信仰，偏见）---hug one’s opinions, beliefs

46. 16. vault (L69) • (1)jump in a single movement over or onto an object with the hand(s) resting on it or with the help of a pole • ---He vaulted (over) the fence and ran off into the night. • ---(fig , fml）vaulting (i.e. boundless, overreaching) ambition 奢想 • ---vaulting horse 鞍马， 跳马 • ---pole-vault v. n. 撑竿跳 • (2) vaulter (person who vaults) • ---a good pole-vaulter

47. 17. clatter (L82) • (1) v. move quickly and noisily; (cause to )make continuous loud noises by hitting objects against each other • ---She dropped the bucket and it went clattering down the stairs. • ---His boots clattered on the stairs, attracting our attention. • ---Don't clatter your knives and forks. • (2) n. 连续撞击声 • ---the clatter of horse’s hoofs, a typewriter 马蹄、 打字机的咔嗒声

48. 18. dangle (L92) • (1) hang or swing loosely • ---I dangled my feet in the clear blue water. • ---Earrings dangled from her ears. • ---A bunch of keys dangled at the end of a chain. 在链子一端悬吊着一串钥匙。 • ---dangling participle （语）垂悬分词 (e.g. Walking home, an accident was seen.)

49. 18. dangle (L92) • (2) dangle sth. before /in front of sb. ---offer sth. temptingly to sb. • --- The prospect of promotion was dangled before him. 晋升的希望在吸引着他。 • ---The promise of an ice-cream cone was dangled in front of us, as a reward for washing the car.

50. Questions • 1. What is the point of going to the Napo River in Ecuador according to the author? • 2. What did they eat that night in the village? And what did they see there? • 3. Find out the sensory impressions in Part Three.