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An introduction to immunology

Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003. An introduction to immunology. Aim: A very general introduction to immunology. Explain how molecular interactions are essential for the immune system. Why: Several articles in this seminar deals with interaction between molecules in the immune system.

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An introduction to immunology

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  1. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 An introduction to immunology • Aim: A very general introduction to immunology. Explain how molecular interactions are essential for the immune system. • Why: Several articles in this seminar deals with interaction between molecules in the immune system. • Some extra motivation why studies of biomolecular interactions are important. Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  2. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Outline of the talk • Definition of Immunology • History of immunology • Innate and adaptive immunity • Humoral and cellular responses – B and T cells (specific interactions) • Cancer • HIV/AIDS Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  3. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Immunology • Immunology is the study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them. • Host – e.g. me!!!! • Foreign macromolecule, antigen – e.g. virus protein, worm, parasite (Everything that should not be in my body) Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  4. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 A Short History of Immunology • ~ 430 B.C: Peloponesian War, Thucydides describes plague – the ones who had recovered from the disease could nurse the sick without getting the disease a second time • 15th centurry: Chinese and Turks use dried crusts of smallpox as ”vaccine” • 1798: Edward Jenner – smallpox vaccine Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  5. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Jenner - Smallpox vaccine • Noticed that milkmades that had contracted cowpox did NOT get smallpox • Test on an 8 year old boy, injected cowpox into him (NOT very nice……) • Follwed by exposure to smallpox • Vaccine was invented (latin vacca means ”cow”) Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  6. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  7. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Immunology history cont. • Since 1901 there have been 19 Nobel Prizes for immunological research. • Examples: Discovery of human blood groups (1930) and Transplantation immunology(1991) Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  8. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Innate (non-specific) immunity Adaptive (specific) immunity The immune system Immune system • Anatomic barriers (Skin,mucous membranes) • Physological barriers (temperature, pH) • Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders) • Inflammatory barriers (redness, swelling, heat and pain) • Antigen specificity • Diversity • Immunological memory • Self/nonself recognition Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  9. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Humoral and cellular immunity(antibody mediated or cellular) Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  10. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Antibody secreting B cell Antigen Soluble antibodies, circculate in the body B cells Surface bound antibody B-cell Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  11. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 B-cell Antibody secreting B cell Virus killed Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

  12. Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 T cells • Two types: • Helper T cells (Th): activates other cells • Cytotoxic T cells (Tc): can kill other cells • T cells can only recognize antigens associated with certain molecules (MHC) Pierre Dönnes pierre@bioinf.uni-sb.de Andreas Hildebrandt anhi@bioinf.uni-sb.de Annette Höglund annette@bioinf.uni-sb.de

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