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Environmental Science 2

Environmental Science 2. Human Populations Environmental Health and Toxicology Food and Agriculture Pest Control. Human Populations. World Population Growth: 80 million people/year increase 6.5 billion people total “Live simply so that others may simply live.” -Mahatma Gandhi.

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Environmental Science 2

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  1. Environmental Science 2 Human Populations Environmental Health and Toxicology Food and Agriculture Pest Control

  2. Human Populations World Population Growth: • 80 million people/year increase • 6.5 billion people total “Live simply so that others may simply live.” -Mahatma Gandhi

  3. Population Growth • Demography: measurement of human populations. • More-developed countries – less growth • Less-developed countries – more growth • Why? • Agriculture-based societies vs. Industrialized societies • Less resource consumption vs. More resource consumption • Rural locations vs. Urban locations • Historical culture vs. Modern technology • Poverty vs. Wealth Constantly changing…

  4. World’s 5 Largest Countries Country name (approximate human population) • China (1,500,000,000) • India (1,300,000,000) • USA (300,000,000) • Indonesia (225,000,000) • Brazil (187,000,000)

  5. Life Expectancy Country name (approximate male/female age) • Japan (79/86) • Sweden (78/83) • USA (75/80) • India (62/63) • Russia (59/72)

  6. Solutions for Sustainability • Stable populations and resources • Social justice for all people • Planning for the future • Complications…

  7. Health, Disease, and Environment Health: physical, mental, and social well-being Disease: abnormal change in physical/psychological functioning Environmental health risks leading to disease…

  8. 2020 Global W.H.O. Prediction • Heart disease • Depression • Accidents • Stroke • Lung disease • Pneumonia • Tuberculosis • War • Diarrhea • HIV/AIDS

  9. Recent Outbreaks of Lethal Infectious DiseaseVirus/Bacteria/Parasites

  10. Infectious Disease and Human Solutions • Human health and Environmental health • Interrelated (AIDS from African primates) • Disease -> Medicine = Cure or Death or Resistance • Ex. Influenza… widespread in US (Winter ‘08) • Issues in perspective… • Wealthy person – medical care, multiple solutions • Poor person – no medical care, no solutions

  11. Toxicology • Toxins = poisons • Arsenic – lumber treatment • Lead – paint and gasoline • Mercury – coal combustion • Cadmium – batteries • DDT – pesticide use Our household environment…

  12. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification • Absorption, storage, and interactions of toxins at higher trophic levels. • Ex. Consumers

  13. Risks

  14. World Food and Nutrition • Global famine and malnutrition…

  15. Human Needs • Air - atmosphere • Water - hydrosphere • Shelter - lithosphere • Food - biosphere Sources of foods…

  16. Food Instability • Population increase and resource decrease • Insufficient protein sources • Globalization of food markets • Unsustainable farming practices • Habitat destruction and soil degradation • Global warming and extreme conditions Solutions… you decide!

  17. Some Ideas • Control of reproduction and resource distribution • Additional proteins through plants/animals • Localization of food markets • Agroecology through organic, sustainable agriculture • Environmental preservation and conservation • Scientific answers to global environmental and social troubles

  18. Pest Control • Biological pests: organisms that reduce resources useful to humans. • Pesticides/herbicides: chemicals used by humans to kill pests. • Risk/Benefit analysis…

  19. Foods and Toxins • Strawberries • Bell peppers • Spinach • Cherries • Peaches • Cantaloupe Highly contaminated foods

  20. Choices • Regulation (EPA, FDA, USDA…) • USA - only so-so • Organics (neither fertilizers nor pesticides) • buy from known sources • local is usually better • ask producers, government officials, and scientists… and share info with one another

  21. Suggestions • Wash food in clean water prior to eating • Peel fruits/vegetables when possible • Well stored food is a plus • Clean food through cooking • Reduce intake of fats and toxins • Grow your own food or shop organic

  22. Homework • Read two chapters of your choice from the following list: • Chapter 7 • Chapter 8 • Chapter 9 • Chapter 10 • Write a brief summary on each chapter you read, including: • chapter number/title, single favorite Case Study/Exploring Science subsection among the chapters, overall questions and/or comments

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