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Grades after this week

Grades after this week. Add up your points on test 1, quiz 1, participation, extra credit, and assignment 1 draft (possible 80 points) Subtract from level you would like to be at A: 374-416 points B: 333-373 points C: 291-332 points D: 250-290 points F: any score below 250 points

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Grades after this week

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  1. Grades after this week • Add up your points on test 1, quiz 1, participation, extra credit, and assignment 1 draft (possible 80 points) • Subtract from level you would like to be at • A: 374-416 points • B: 333-373 points • C: 291-332 points • D: 250-290 points • F: any score below 250 points • This is how many more points you need

  2. Points remaining • Tests – 150 • Lab attendance – 18 + 5 • Writing – 140 • Quizzes – 30 • Extra credit – 6 • Total = 349 left in the course

  3. Student perceptions Percentage Score Grade Level

  4. Student perceptions Percentage Score Grade Level

  5. Intro to Stats Hypothesis Testing

  6. Hypotheses • Educated guesses based on theory and past research • Translate a research question into a testable form • Depends on methods and measures • The hypothesis is formed with respect to a population --- but tested with a sample

  7. Population vs. sample • Population-level: • Emotional intelligence training will improve children’s grades • BUT we don’t have access to all children • Sample-level: • A class of children in the 4th grade class at W. Elementary will have better grades in math class after undergoing EQ training than a similar class with no training

  8. The Problem The hypothesis is formed with respect to a population --- but tested with a sample No sample ever perfectly represents the population (sampling error)

  9. The Logic • We state the hypotheses • Predict sample characteristics • Obtain a random sample from the population • Compare the obtained sample data with the prediction made from the hypothesis

  10. The Null (H0) • A formal hypothesis • Relates to the population • There is no relationship between variables (they are equal, not different, not related, etc.)

  11. The Null • Acts as a starting point • Assume nothing until it is proven; null until proven significant • Benchmark against which outcomes are measured to ensure that chance is not a good explanation *Usually not stated in articles

  12. Research Hypotheses • Statement that there is a relationship between the variables • Nondirectional • Unspecified difference/relationship • Directional • Specified difference/ relationship

  13. Writing hypotheses • Make sure it is clear: • 1. which populations/groups are compared • 2. what the dependent variable is • (what is the measure/score about which the hypotheses are made?) • 3. the type and direction of the effect

  14. Why Two? • Null hypotheses refer to the population; research hypotheses to the sample • Null hypotheses cannot be directly tested; research hypotheses can H0 : μ1 = μ2 H1 : X1 ≠ X2

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