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Arend Lijphart and Donald Horowitz. “ Ethnic conflict in the West” and “The logic of secessions”. Arend Lijphart – Ethnic Conflict in the West.
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Arend Lijphart and Donald Horowitz “Ethnic conflict in the West” and “The logic of secessions”
Arend Lijphart – Ethnic Conflict in the West 1) The transition-integration balance – when social communication and trade increase rapidly, differences between ethnic groups could become even more visible. 2) The “horizontalization” of vertical ethnic groups – multiplication and intensification of contacts creates interethnic tensions. More favored groups start to feel superior. 3) The expanding scope of state intervention – after World War ІІ states started to be more active. Public policy never has the same effect on every ethnic group. Even when a government tries to counteract an uneven process (to equalize differences between groups and regions) it could be misunderstood by some groups.
4) The decreasing displacement of ethnic conflict - ethnic conflicts have been dormant for some time, displaced by more relevant conflicts, but now it has reappeared. • 5) The new wave of democratization – “ a pragmatic synthesis of capitalism and socialism in the form of democratic planning”.
Questions • 1) What would be a good example, illustrating these theories (or maybe couple of examples)? • 2) “New wave of democratization” – which is true – modern democratic states do not have problems with ethnic conflicts or democracy actually endorses ethnic demands?
Donald Horowitz – The Logic of Secessions • 1) Secession – a variable phenomenon. • 2) Secessions – domestic vs. international politics. A simple rule of thumb and its exceptions. Linkage between ethnic antipathy and declared political objectives. • 3) Autonomy or independence? • 4)Potential secessions – division. • Backward regional economies and • Advanced regional economies • Backward groups • Advanced groups
5) Conclusion – backward regions tend to experience a higher frequency of secessionist movements. Policies could be implemented in the case of “late seceders” in order to avoid secessions.
Questions • 1) How do you think these theories apply to a “real life” problems, like the secessions in former Yugoslavia, for example? • 2) Is Europe “insured” against future secessions? Why or why not? • 3) Is the economic argument always present in secession movements?
