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Discover the nature, power, and various forms of energy, from kinetic and potential to thermal and chemical energy. Learn about energy transformations, conservation laws, and the diverse renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.
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Nature of Energy • Energy- Ability to cause change. • Anytime change occurs, energy is transferred from one object to another • Ex: leaves moving and sunlight warming an object
Nature of Energy • Energy is the ability to cause change or to do work. (joules) • Energy that is released causes change and does work. • When work is done on something, Energy is added to it. • Energy is contained in everything. • All matter contains energy. • Non-matter such as light contains energy.
Power • Power is the rate at which energy is transferred. • Power = Energy Transferred Time
Energy of Motion • Kinetic Energy- Energy an object has due to its motion • If an object isn’t moving, it doesn’t have kinetic energy • Kinetic energy increases as an object moves faster • Kinetic energy increases as the mass of an object increases
Kinetic Energy • Kinetic Energy = ½ X Mass X Velocity² • ↑ Mass = ↑ Kinetic Energy • ↑ Velocity = ↑ Kinetic Energy • Velocity = speed in a given direction
Energy of Position • Object can have energy even though it is not moving • Potential Energy-The energy stored in an object because of its position. • Depends on position (ex: high or low) and mass (more mass, more potential energy)
Gravitational Potential Energy • Gravitational Potential Energy = Weight x Height • ↑ Weight = ↑ Potential Energy • ↑ Height = ↑ Potential Energy
Forms of Energy • Mechanical Energy • Thermal Energy • Electrical Energy • Chemical Energy • Nuclear Energy • Electromagnetic Energy
Forms of Energy • Mechanical Energy- associated with the position and motion of an object. • Ex: Throwing a football • Potential + Kinetic
Forms of Energy Thermal Energy- Sum of kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material. • Ex: Chemical reactions occur inside your cells that produce thermal energy (released by chemical reactions from chemical energy)
Forms of Energy Chemical Energy-Energy stored in chemical bonds. When chemical bonds are broken and new chemicals are formed, some of the energy is released. • Ex: Food contains chemical energy used to produce energy for our bodies
Forms of Energy Electromagnetic Energy- Energy carried by light. • When light is absorbed by an object it becomes warmer • Objects absorbs energy from the light and then becomes thermal energy
Forms of Energy Electric Energy-Energy carried by electric currents. • Ex: Used by appliances to function
Forms of Energy Nuclear Energy-Energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom. • Nuclear power plants are complex plants that transform nuclear energy into electric energy
Energy Transformations • Energy can be transformed or changed from one form of energy to another. • Food is chemical energy that is transformed by our bodies into thermal energy, electrical energy, and mechanical energy. • Gasoline is chemical energy that is transformed by our car engines into mechanical energy and thermal energy
Conservation of Energy • The Law of Conservation of Energy-states that energy is never created or destroyed. • Energy can only be transformed or changed from one form to another. • Energy also can be transformed into matter and matter can be transformed into energy.
The Source of Energy • All of the energy in the universe now is the same amount that has always been there and it is the only amount that will ever be there. • The surface of the Earth receives most of its energy from the Sun and a little from radioactive atoms that are inside the Earth.
The Source of Energy • Fossil Fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. (Think about what are Fossils) • Because Fossil fuels are being used up much faster than they can be replaced, they are called Nonrenewable Resources. • The source of fossil fuels originates with the Sun.
The Source of Energy • Nuclear Energy is energy that is released when the nuclei of uranium atoms are broken apart. • Because the forces that hold atoms together are so strong, enormous amounts of energy are released when atoms are broken apart. • Nuclear Energy is a nonrenewable resource.
The Source of Energy • Hydroelectric, Geothermal, Wind, Wave, and Solar Energy are all Renewable Energy Sources. • Renewable energy sources are not likely to be used up by people because the available supply does not decrease.
