My Future Plan

1. My Future Plan Write 3 things that motivate you to be successful in what you are doing What do you want to do when you grow up? (in 10 years time) What do you need to get there? Draw a flow chart of how you intend to achieve your future goal (use different colors to represent each stage) What do you wish I know about you? AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

2. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

3. Rootwords Quiz AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

4. Rootwords Quiz 1. prokaryote pro / karyo 1. / 2. eukaryote eu / karyo 2./ 3. symbiosis sym / bio / osis 3. together / / 4. endoplasm endo / plasm 4. / 5. cytoplasm cyto / plasm 5. / AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

5. Bell warm upDraw and color a picture that demonstrates Diffusion • Fill up your agenda for the week Mon:Cell Transport Tue: Osmosis Wed/Thurs: Lab Fri: Review Cell Tranport Rootwords quiz Mon (9th): TEST (Cell Transport) AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

6. Cell Boundaries andTransport through cell membranes AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

7. Cell membranes Function • Encloses the cell • Provides protection and support • Regulates what goes in and out of the cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

8. Structure: 1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. Proteins embedded in it: many form channels and pumps that move molecules across the membrane. 3. Cholesterol – adds stability 4. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

9. Cell membrane is composed of : • a phospholipid bilayer (2 layers of lipid) • proteins and carbohydrates • Also called the fluid mosaic • Selectively permeable Lipid bilayer AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

10. Types of Transport Passive Transport • No energy required • Flows from high concentration to low • DIFFUSION • OSMOSIS • FACILITATED DIFFUSION Active Transport • Requires energy • Flows from low concentration to high 1. MOLECULAR TRANSPORT 2. ENDOCYTOSIS • EXOCYTOSIS page 182-189 (Biology book) AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

11. Diffusion Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. The molecules are usually small Examples: Oxygen(O2), Carbon dioxide (CO2) Alcohol AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

12. Diffusion AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

13. Diffusion of liquids AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

14. Diffusion is the net movement of molecules (or ions) from a region of their high concentration to a region of their lower concentration.The molecules move down a concentration gradient.Molecules have kinetic energy, which makes them move about randomly. As a result of diffusion molecules reach an equilibrium where they are evenly spread out.This is when there is no net movement of molecules from either side. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

15. DIFFUSION Diffusion is a PASSIVE process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move, they have a natural kinetic energy. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

16. Diffusion of Bromine AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

17. Diffusion of Bromine AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

18. Diffusion through a membrane Cell membrane Outside cell Inside cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

19. Diffusion through a membrane Cell membrane diffusion Outside cell Inside cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

20. Diffusion through a membrane Cell membrane Outside cell Inside cell EQUILIBRIUM AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

21. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

22. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

23. What determines the rate of diffusion?There 4 factors: • The steepness of the concentration gradient. The bigger the difference between the two sides of the membrane the quicker the rate of diffusion. • Temperature. Higher temperatures give molecules or ions more kinetic energy. Molecules move around faster, so diffusion is faster. • The surface area. The greater the surface area the faster the diffusion can take place. This is because the more molecules or ions can cross the membrane at any one moment. • The type of molecule or ion diffusing. Large molecules need more energy to get them to move so they tend to diffuse more slowly. Non-polar molecules diffuse more easily than polar molecules because they are soluble in the non polar phospholipid tails. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

24. Molecules that diffuse through cell membranes • Oxygen – Non-polar so diffuses very quickly. • Carbon dioxide – Polar but very small so diffuses quickly. • Water – Polar but also very small so diffuses quickly. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

25. Bell warm up 11/11/08 • Define diffusion • Draw a diagram to illustrate (show) diffusion AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

26. Facilitated diffusion • Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration with the help of membrane proteins. • Do NOT require energy!!!!! • The proteins serve as carriers. • Ex: Glucose moves by this method AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

27. Facilitated Diffusion through a membrane Cell membrane diffusion Protein channel Outside cell Inside cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

28. Facilitated diffusion • Large polar molecules such as glucose and amino acids, cannot diffuse across the phospholipid bilayer. Also ions such as Na+or Cl-cannot pass. • These molecules pass through protein channels instead. Diffusion through these channels is called FACILITATED DIFFUSION. • Movement of molecules is still PASSIVE just like ordinary diffusion, the only difference is, the molecules go through a protein channel instead of passing between the phospholipids. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

29. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

30. Facilitated Diffusion through a membrane Cell membrane Protein channel Outside cell Inside cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

31. Facilitated Diffusion through a membrane Cell membrane diffusion Protein channel Outside cell Inside cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

32. Facilitated Diffusion through a membrane Cell membrane diffusion Protein channel Outside cell Inside cell EQUILIBRIUM AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

33. Facilitated Diffusion:Molecules will randomly move through the opening like pore, by diffusion. This requires no energy, it is a PASSIVE process. Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low conc. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

34. Facilitated diffusion AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

35. Osmosis ‘The diffusion of water from an area of high concentration of water molecules (high water potential) to an area of low concentration of water (low water potential) across a SELECTIVELY permeable membrane.’ AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

36. Osmosis CONCENTRATED SOLUTION DILUTE SOLUTION Cell membrane partially permeable. Sugar molecule VERY Low conc. of water molecules. High water potential. VERY High conc. of water molecules. High water potential. Outside cell Inside cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

37. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

38. Osmosis Cell membrane partially permeable. Low conc. of water molecules. High water potential. OSMOSIS High conc. of water molecules. High water potential. Outside cell Inside cell AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

39. Osmosis Cell membrane partially permeable. OSMOSIS Outside cell Inside cell EQUILIBRIUM. Equal water concentration on each side. Equal water potential has been reached. There is no net movement of water AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

40. Osmosis Solution is made up of : Solute (solid)+ Solvent (liquid) Solution can be Isotonic, Hypotonic or Hypertonic • Iso means EQUAL (the same) • Hypo means LESS (less solutemore water) • Hyper means MORE (more solute) AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

41. Isotonic Solution • The solute concentration outside the cell is EQUAL to the solute concentration inside the cell. • Water will move back and forth EQUALLY but have no affect on the overall amount of water on either side. • No change in turgor pressure. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

42. Isotonic Solution • Effect on Animal Cell: No overall effect. The cell is healthy. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

43. Isotonic Solution • Effect on Plant Cells No overall effect. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

44. Hypotonic Solution • The solute concentration outside the cell is LESS than the solute concentration inside the cell. • Water will move INTO the cell. • Causes increase in turgor pressure AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

45. Hypotonic Solution • Effects on Animal Cell: Cells can LYSIS from increased water pressure. Some cells have contractile vacuoles to pump out excess water. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

46. Hypotonic Solution • Effect on Plant Cells: The central vacuole will fill with WATER and the cells will become stiff and rigid or TURGID. Cell walls keep the plant cells from bursting. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

47. Hypertonic Solution • The solute concentration outside the cell is MORE than the solute concentration inside the cell. • Water will move OUT OF the cell • Decrease in turgor pressure. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

48. Hyptertonic Solution • Effect on Animal Cells: Cells will SHRIVEL and become DEHYDRATED. Cells may die. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

49. Hypertonic Solution • Effect on Plant Cells: The central vacuole loses WATER and the cell shrinks, causing wilting. This is called PLASMOLYSIS. Cells may die. AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

50. Animal Cells AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport