Results & Discussion

1. LTR ORF1 ORF2 LTR Yeast Ty1/copia/truncated HERVs P Poly(A) LTR LTR Human Alu Human THE1 LTR gag pol env LTR P ORF1 ORF2 Full-length HERVs/exogenous retrovirus Poly(A) L1 Materials & Methods References Results & Discussion Introduction Abstract The human genome is estimated to consist of approximately 8% human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and related sequences. FPRL2 (fomyl peptide receptor-like 2) gene has a solitary LTR (long terminal repeat). The LTR is located between first exon and promoter region of the FPRL2 gene. The FPRL2 gene containing LTR element was expressed in various human tissues except fetal brain and cerebellum. The LTR element was detected in hominoid, Old World monkeys, and New World monkeys except for common marmoset, whereas LINE (long interspersed repetitive element) and SINE (short interspersed repetitive element) elements were detected in prosimian (ring-tailed lemur) and common marmoset. We also examined promoter activity of the LTR element in FPRL2 gene, and discussed its biological role. Taken together, the insertion of retroelements into primate genome could have different biological roles during primate evolution.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Promoter assay SINE Other region 13% 16% 1 1 LINE 20% Gene-related Sequence HERV element 36% 8% DNA element 3% Pseudogene Coding sequence 1% 3% RNA expression PNU PCR, RT-PCR BSP Insertion of LTR54 & Two structures of LTR promoter in primates PROMOTER ASSAY BIOINFOMATICS IMAGE J PNU Promoter Activity of LTR Element of the Human FPRL2 Gene Hong-Seok Ha1, Jae-Won Huh1, Dae-Soo Kim2, and Heui-Soo Kim12 1Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University 2PBBRC, Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University http://www.primate.or.kr PNU FPRL2 gene & LTR element (A) FPR1 FPRL1_2 FPRL2 FPRL1_1 (B) Retroelement PNU FPRL2 family genes RNA intermediate - LTR element + LTR element Retroposon - env + env Retrotransposon - RT + RT SINE Retrovirus LINE LTR: Long Terminal Repeat LINE: Long Integrated nuclear element SINE: Short Integrated nuclear element HERV: Human Endogenous Retro-Virus (A) Luciferase assay Bisulfite Sequencing PCR (B) (C) Bioinformatics … ImageJ • Maksakova IA, Mager DL. Transcriptional regulation of early transposon elements, an active family of mouse long terminal repeat retrotransposons. J Viro. 2005. 79(22):13865-74.….................. • Yang D, Chen Q, Gertz B, He R, Phulsuksombati M, Ye RD, Oppenheim JJ. Human dendritic cells express functional formyl peptide receptor-like-2 (FPRL2) throughout maturation. J Leukoc Biol. 2002. 72:598-607.. . Genome Information Lab www.primate.or.kr