MOISTURE & MOLD In Construction

1. MOISTURE & MOLDIn Construction

2. OUTLINE • Review • Solutions • Resources

3. WHAT IS MOLD? • Molds are fungi • Living micro-organisms • Neither plant nor animal • Separate kingdom in biology • Found everywhere • Over 100,000 known species • Can be benign, beneficial or harmful • Essential part of our natural environment • Feed on nutrients present in most organic fibers • Vital decay & recycling mechanism

4. CONDITIONS FOR MOLD GROWTH Spores Nutrients Moisture Found everywhere! Over 100 varieties grow in buildings Need “clean room” environment to control Food sources which are found in most building materials Found in dust from construction and normal use Must be liquid moisture! Roof leaks Pipe leaks Windows Condensation Wet construction Temperature:40 – 95 °F = ideal range

5. ELIMINATING MOLD GROWTH Eliminate Spores Remove Nutrients Control Moisture Requires a clean room environment to eliminate Impossible to eliminate in general construction Allmaterials in the system must eliminate food sources or be treated with broad-spectrum fungicides Dust & construction waste must be removed prior to closing up systems Good design & construction practices can manage water sources & system drying potentials Water “events” must be immediately addressed

6. WHAT HAS CHANGED? • Buildings have become more weather tight • New materials & architectural design features • Fast track construction • Maintenance is a continuous lifetime concern

7. TESTING FOR MOLD GROWTH • Commonly used mold growth test methods are for interior coatings & plastics, not sheet product building material • Current test standards focus on individual products, not systems testing • There are no established permissible exposure level (PEL) limits • Air sampling & tape tests unnecessary • If you see or smell mold, fix the problem!

8. A MOISTURE CONTROL ISSUE • The only controllable factor linked to mold growth is moisture • Virtually any building material can be negatively impacted by mold if proper moisture management practices are not followed • Mold is a moisture control issue that must be managed by proper building design, construction, and maintenance practices • There are no “silver bullets” to solve the mold issue

9. MOISTURE EXPOSURE IN BUILDINGS Construction First year Remaining life Key drivers • Dry out period for wet building materials • Poor construction • Occupancy & lifestyle factors • Poor design (e.g., condensation, leaks) • Catastrophic events • Occupancy & lifestyle factors • Weather • Wet construction processes • Site preparation & drainage • Job scheduling & logistics • Materials transport & storage • Wet construction processes • Concrete & masonry • Poured flooring • Interior finishing • Wet construction processes • Concrete & Masonry • Structural framing lumber • Wet areas • Wet areas • Bathrooms • Kitchens • Indoor pools & locker rooms Intrinsic moisture sources Weather & other episodic exposures • Exposure to weather • Exterior sheathing • Shaft wall & Area separation walls • Structural framing • Building envelope leakage • Plumbing leaks • Building envelope leakage • Plumbing leaks • Poor design & construction • Poor mat’ls staging & storage • Poor design & construction • Poor HVAC design • Improper HVAC operation • Poor maintenance & repair Avoidable

10. REDUCING THE RISK OF MOLD Lever Primary influencer(s) Manufacturer responses Exposure to moisture during transportation and storage • Shipping companies • Distributors • Contractors • Develop best practices guidelines • Education/training Exposure to moisture during construction • Develop best practices guidelines • Education • Contractors Drying of building materials • Contractors • Develop guidelines and specifications Exposure to moisture after construction • Architects • Contractors • Maintenance companies • Develop best practice guidelines • Education Water hold-out • Product manufacturers • Introduce water-repellent chemicals in products Food sources within building materials • Product manufacturers • Promote/develop inorganic offerings Biocides • Product manufacturers • Contractors • Introduce safe and effective biocides into key products Influence-based Product-based

11. SUMMARY • Spores + Nutrients + Water Mold • The key to mold control is moisture control • “Molds can be found almost anywhere; they can grow on virtually any substance, providing moisture is present…” - EPA • Materials must stay dry to prevent mold • Systems manage moisture, products do not There is no simple product solution for mold !!!

12. OUTLINE • Review • Solutions • Resources

13. OBJECTIVE Continue to the lead the industry in the development and positioning of products which address ALL critical attributes: Fire Resistance Sound Control Full spectrum of performance attributes Moisture Control Abuse Resistance Aesthetics

14. STRATEGY • Increase intensity of • Education & Communication • Building science / research • Product enhancement • Clear recommendations for the use of all products

15. Attributes Fire Resistance Sound Control Handling Finishing Moisture/Mold ASTM D3273 = “8” Thickness ½” 5/8” FC Width 48” Wide Edge Tapered Paper Light blue Moisture Resistant Core Moisture Resistant Patent Pending Mold Resistant Additive New end tape design NEW SHEETROCK® BRAND HUMITEK

16. NEW SHEETROCK® BRAND HUMITEK • Where is it used? • Areas subject to intermittent moisture • Basements • Garages • Bathrooms (not tubs or showers) • Areas subject to weather during construction • Allows opportunity for building professionals to manage risk as needed

17. NEW SHEETROCK® BRAND HUMITEK • Installation • Easy score and snap • Setting Type compounds • Paper joint tape • Sheetrock Brand First Coat • No itchy glass fibers • No skim coating necessary • Excellent performance without sacrificing productivity

18. ARCHITECTArchitectural Record

19. CONTRACTOR Walls and Ceilings and Construction Dimensions

20. BUILDERBuilder Magazine

21. NEW AQUA-TOUGH INTERIOR PANELS • TOUGH TO THE CORE • Abuse Resistant • Finishes like standard SHEETROCK Brand gypsum panels • Tile shear bond strength exceeds ANSI standard • Moisture Resistant • Mold Resistant • Fire Resistant • Certified Green-Environmentally friendly

22. USG PANELS WET AREA PERFORMANCE Relative performance Low High Relative Installed cost index Moisture resistance Mold resistance Ease of finish Product Tile bond SHEETROCK 1 SHEETROCK WR 1.10 SHEETROCK Humitek 1.30 FIBEROCK Aqua-Tough 1.60 DUROCK Cement Panels 1.90

23. APPLICATION PERFORMANCE CRITERIAMold and moisture-related products Systems Applications Products Attributes highlighted Interior wall Specialty panels Incidental moisture High moisture Cavity shaft walls Area separation walls SHEETROCK Humitek FIBEROCK Aqua-Tough SHEETROCK e+ shaft wall liner Tile backer board Tub, shower, and high-moisture areas FIBEROCK Aqua-Tough DUROCK Substrates Floors Exterior FIBEROCK Aqua Tough FIBEROCK Aqua Tough DUROCK

24. OUTLINE • Review • Solutions • Resources

25. RESOURCES • Literature • Leading – WB2332 • Moisture Control – WB2325 • ASTM D3273 (FAQ’s) – WB2324 • Good Construction Practices – WB2334 • Storage and Handling – WB2333 • Repairing water-damaged building systems – WB2315 • Facts (Moisture, Mold & Ceilings) – SC2414 • 800 USG.4YOU • www.GypsumToday.com

26. RESOURCES

27. MOLD IS A MOISTURE MANAGEMENT ISSUE Nutrients Water (liquid moisture) Mold Spores (everywhere) • The only controllable factor linked to mold growth is moisture • Virtually any building material can be negatively impacted by mold and moisture if proper practices are not followed • Mold must be managed by proper building design, construction, and maintenance practices • There are no “silver bullets” to solve the mold issue