Test Today!!!

1. Test Today!!! • Study the pathway of the sperm all the way to fertilization. • Hint-11 structures

2. J • Why is it important to take care of your bodies including internal and external reproductive organs?

3. Bell Ringer (No Talking During the Compliment Project) • What do you want to know about male and female anatomy? • What do you already know about male and female anatomy? • What questions do you have about male and female anatomy? • What things do you wish the opposite gender would know?

4. Why do we need to learn about this • Guys having respect for girls and female anatomy/womenhood • Nutrition affecting anatomy • What is in the area where the uterus is on males.

5. Male and Female Anatomy Students will demonstrate knowledge of human development, social skills, and strategies to encourage healthy relationships and healthy growth and development throughout life.

6. Journal • Why is it important to learn about male and female anatomy?

7. Reproductive System

8. Important Words of Male Anatomy • Sperm • Puberty • Testes • Testosterone • Epididymis • Vas deferens • Scrotum • Seminal vesicles • Prostate • Cowper’s gland • Urethra • Penis • Corpus cavernosum

9. Male Reproductive System

10. a. Sperm cell produced in the testicles(testes) • Testicles are stored in the scrotum. • Testicles are the male reproductive organ • Testosterone is the male sex hormone • Development of primary sex characteristics • The Scrotum is responsible for protection and Primary function is regulating temperature. 2 degrees less. • During Ejaculation up to 50 million sperm are released from each testicle. • Ejaculation-- semen forced out of the body.

11. b. Sperm travels through the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis • Sperm cells mature in the epididymis until they have matured

12. c. Sperm then travel through the vas deferens. • In the vas deferens the sperm cell join with other fluids from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland. • The fluid is know as semen • Purpose of semen- protect in the vagina, aid transport, and nutrients.

13. d. Semen enters the Urethra only during an erection • When the male becomes sexually aroused the chambers (corpus cavernosum) are filled with extra blood. • The filling of the chambers causes the penis to elongate and become more ridged. • This process is called an erection.

14. Male Reproductive System • A nocturnal dream occurs during deep sleep. • Sometimes while sleeping a male will spontaneously ejaculate. • Again, this is very common and normal for males during adolescences.

15. Male Reproductive Problems • Some noticeable symptoms of the male reproductive system include: • Uncomfortable rash • Sores or lumps • Painful urination • It is important that if a male has anyone of these symptoms that he seek medical help immediately.

16. Male Reproductive Problems • It is important that males get regular medical checkups. • Checkups help men protect themselves from problems.

17. Male Reproductive Problems • Some noticeable symptoms of the male reproductive system include: • Uncomfortable rash • Sores or lumps • Painful urination • It is important that if a male has anyone of these symptoms that he seek medical help immediately.

18. Male Reproductive Problems • a. Jock itch is an infection of the skin by a fungus. • It often occurs when the scrotum and groin skin stays hot a moist. • The symptoms are red, itchy, irritated skin. • Jock it can be prevented by keeping the area clean and dry. • Some over the counter creams or ointments help relieve irritation.

19. Male Reproductive Problems • b. Inguinal hernia is a weakness in the lower abdominal wall that allows a small loop o intestine to bulge through into the scrotum. • It is important that males get regular checkups so that hernias can be detected early. • Surgery is used to correct.

20. Male Reproductive Problems • c. An undescended testicle is a development defect in which the testicle has not dropped into the scrotum. • An undescended testicle can cause damage to the testicle by not allowing it to produce sperm. • Surgery is used to correct.

21. Male Reproductive Problems • d. A urinary tract infection is an infection of the urethra, bladder, ureters, and/or kidneys. • Symptoms include pain and burning during urination. • Sometimes the urine could be bloody. • Medical treatment is required to cure. • Antibiotics are used to treat.

22. Male Reproductive Problems • e. Testicular cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the testes. • Testicular usually does not cause pain therefore it is important to get regular check ups and do self exams. • Symptoms include enlargement of the testicle or a pea-size lump on the testicle. • Surgery and chemotherapy are used as treatment. • If left untreated, the cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body that can lead to death.

23. Testicular Exam • If possible, stand in front of a mirror. • Check for any swelling on the scrotal skin. • Examine each testis with both hands. • Place the index and middle fingers under the testicle with the thumbs placed on top. • Roll the testicle gently between the thumbs and fingers. • You shouldn't feel any pain when doing the exam.

24. Testicular Exam • Don't be alarmed if one testicle seems slightly larger than the other, that's normal. • Find the epididymis, the soft, tube like structure behind the testicle that stores the sperm. • Be careful not to mistake this structure for a suspicious lump. • Cancerous lumps usually are found on the sides of the testicle but can also show up on the front. • Lumps on or attached to the epididymis are not cancerous.

25. Testicular Exam • When conducting a Testicular Exam you are looking for any of the following: • Any enlargement of a testicle • A significant loss of size in one of the testicles • A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum • A dull ache in the lower abdomen or in the groin • A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum • Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum • If you have any of these symptoms; contact your doctor. • Waiting and hoping will not fix anything. • When in doubt, get it checked out!

26. Male Reproductive Problems • f. Testicular torsion occurs when the testicle twists. • This causes the nerves and the blood vessels to pinch which causes swelling and pain. • Testicular torsion usually happens during athletic activity. • Immediate medical care is required to prevent damage to the testicle.

27. Male Reproductive Problems • The urethra runs right through the middle of the prostate. • When theg. prostate enlarges, it can cause frequent and slow urination. • This usually occurs with age. • There are some medications and surgery that can help.

28. Care for the Male Body • Bathe regularly • Keep skin clean and dry • Always wear protective gear when playing sports • Get regular check ups and report any pain, swelling, tenderness, or lumps • Do regular testicular exams. • Abstain from sex before marriage to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disease

29. Male Reproductive System Review • The following is brief review of the male reproductive system. • Sperm and testosterone is produced in the testicles • Sperm is the male sex cell. • Testosterone is the male sex hormone. • Sperm is stored in the epididymis until needed for ejaculation • When a man becomes sexually aroused, the sperm leaves the epididymis into the vas deferens tube. • The sperm passes through the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland where fluid is added to protect the sperm. • The combination of the sperm and fluid equals semen. • The semen then travels down the urethra inside the penis. • The semen is then ejaculated or forced out the tip of the penis.

30. Female Anatomy

32. Female Reproductive Anatomy • Ovaries Ovum • Estrogen Progesterone • Ovulation Fallopian tubes • Fertilization Uterus • Endometrium Menstruation • Urethra Vagina

33. a. Ovum starts in the ovaries • Ovum is the egg • Ovaries are the female reproductive organ • Estrogen and progesterone are the female hormones • Born with 200,000 ova in each ovary. They are called follicles before matured into developed ovum.

34. b. During Ovulation the ova is released into the fallopian tubes through the Fimbria • The sperm will need to meet the ova in the fallopian tubes for pregnancy to occur. • At this point if sperm are present fertilization occurs

35. Ovulation • This process of releasing an egg into the fallopian tube is called ovulation • Ovulation occurs on average every 28 days • On average it takes 7 days for an ovum to reach the uterus.

36. c. In the Fallopian Tubes the sperm must meet the egg/ovum in order for fertilization to occur. • Sperm cells are unique in their shape and function. • Sperm cells have a head, midsection, and tail. • The head carries the genetic codes from the dad. • XY for males XX for females • 23 from sperm, 23 from egg. • The tail (flagellum) helps move the sperm through fluid. • Sperm can live up to 5 days.

37.    For the year 2015  (Released January 2017): • Numbers of live births:                                          3,978,497 • Number of live singleton births:               3,838,635 • Total number of multiple births:                 139,862 • Number of twin births:                                      133,155 • Number of triplet births:                     4,123        • Number of quadruplet births:                       228 • Number of quintuplets and other higher order multiples:                            24            • Twin birth rate:                                            5/1000 live births • Triplet and higher-order multiple birth rate: 5/100,000 live births • Fertility rate:           5 births per 1000 women aged 15-44 years • Total fertility rate:                                      5  births/1000 women • Percent born low birth weight (<2500 grams):                    7% • Percent born pre-term (<37 weeks):                   63%

38. d. The fertilized egg must attach itself to the endometrium • If unfertilized the ovum will not attach anywhere and exit the body.

39. Menstruation • The periodic discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina

40. Journal #21 • What is the pathway from sperm to fertilized egg? Start with the pathway of the Sperm, then Ovum.

41. Menstruation • Age 11-16. • female uterus sloughing off the inner membrane if no fertilized egg attaches to the endometrium.

43. Menstruation • In order for ovulation to happen, the hormones must change their balance • Sometimes this change in hormone balance can cause women to have a change in behavior, moods, and emotions • This change is called PMS or premenstrual syndrome But for those who do, their emotions, behaviors, and normal physical functions could change Some of these changes include moodiness, quick to anger, sadness, and tiredness

45. Cramping • In order for the uterus to release all of the extra blood it must contract or squeeze. This is called cramping. • This is normal but uncomfortable

46. Female Reproductive System • It is important for teen girls to track their period with the use of a calendar • This tracking will help them understand their menstrual cycle and notify them of any changes • Girls should count the number of days from first day of their period to the first day of their next period

48. Female Reproductive Problems a. PMS • We already discussed earlier in the lesson • If someone thinks they might be having extreme PMS it is important to seek help from a physician • Medications can be given to help balance the release of hormones during menstruation

49. Female Reproductive Problems b. Urinary Track Infection (UTI) • The symptoms of a UTI include: • Frequent urination • Burning during urination • Fever • Back ache • Antibiotics can be used to cure a UTI but they must be prescribed by a doctor

50. Female Reproductive Problems c. Vaginitis • This is an infection in the vagina by bacteria, fungi, or protozoa • The symptoms include: • Itching • Odor • Discharge from the vagina • Medical treatment is required to prescribe antibiotics and creams help to cure • Avoiding sexual activity (abstinence) and keeping the genital area dry helps avoid the spread and growth