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DSTI-EAS-IND-WPIA(2009)10 Norihiko YAMANO and Colin WEBB Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry WPTGS November 2009. OECD Input-Output Database. I-O system A useful tool for international analyses. Globalisation International Outsourcing Fragmentation Vertical Specialisation.
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DSTI-EAS-IND-WPIA(2009)10 Norihiko YAMANO and Colin WEBB Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry WPTGS November 2009 OECD Input-Output Database
I-O systemA useful tool for international analyses Globalisation International Outsourcing Fragmentation Vertical Specialisation Environment Material Flows Embodied CO2 Input-output Supply and Use Technology Diffusion Impact of Economic Crisis KLEMS Productivity (MFP) Regional Integration
OECD Input-Output tables • Format • Symmetric Industry x industry: 48 sectors (max) • ISIC Rev. 3 industry classification • Import and domestic transactions are separated • Basic price valuation (1993 SNA) • History • 1995 edition : 10 countries (1970-1990) • 2002 edition: 24 countries (1995) • 2006/09 edition : 40+ countries (1995-2000-2005) OECD-1 / Accession countries / BRIICS/ (G20-1 ) • Many mid-2000 tables are preliminary. They will be replaced as national benchmarks become available …
Linking I-O tables with bilateral trade • Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO): a powerful tool that links flows of goods and services across countries, revealing inter-dependencies and allowing nth degree effects of various global phenomena to be analysed ... • … but ideally requires best estimates of trade in intermediates (c.f. TAD paper and WIOD) … • … which in turn requires adjustments and/or improvements to measured trade as published by international organisations …
Trade in goods – Data issues (WPTGS 2008) • Re-exports • Trade discrepancies: Classic case = China /HK/USA • Un-allocated trade data (confidential trade) • Could be concentrated in certain industries and partners • Trade in second-handed goods • Not linked to recent manufacturing production • Scrap and waste products • Some identified by HS, others not (e.g. PCs) • I-O = SNA (i.e. BOP) v. Customs trade data • Identifying domestic using industries • Standard HS to ISIC Rev. 3 conversion estimates imports from partners’ industries
Trade in services (BOP) – Data issues (WPTGS 2008) • Limited availability of bilateral data • Conceptual differences between EBOPS and Industry classification • Particular measurement issues • Goods sent abroad for processing • Merchanting
Wish list (WPTGS 2008) • short-term • Re-exports: more information from countries, particularly for key I-O years (1995, 2000, 2005). • Un-allocated (confidential) trade: more information • longer-term • Systematic reporting of re-exports • New HS codes for scrap, waste, second-hand goods etc ? • Reporting of BOP trade in goods by product groups (cf. Australia’s BOP BEC) • More bilateral trade in services data + Trade statisticians work with National I-O compilers to estimate imported intermediates matrices
DSTI-EAS-IND-WPIA(2009)10 www.oecd.org/sti/inputoutput Thank you