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The New Western Order: Revolution and Disintegration since 1985

Explore the major events and transformations in the Western world since 1985, including the revolutionary era in the Soviet Union, the collapse of the communist order in Eastern Europe, the reunification of Germany, the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the search for unity in Western Europe, the move to the center in the United States, the end of the Cold War, the age of terrorism, the war in Iraq, the West and Islam, new directions in Western society, the art and music scene, and the global challenges of the 21st century.

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The New Western Order: Revolution and Disintegration since 1985

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  1. Chapter 30 After the Fall: The Western World In a Global Age (Since 1985)

  2. p. 947

  3. Toward a New Western Order • Revolutionary Era in the Soviet Union • Mikhail Gorbachev • Perestroika • Glasnost • End of the Soviet Union • Boris Yeltsin • Commonwealth of Independent States • New Russia • Putin Era • Vladimir Putin

  4. Map 30-1, p. 949

  5. p. 951

  6. p. 951

  7. Eastern Europe: The Revolutions of 1989and the Collapse of the Communist Order • The Fall • Poland • LechWalesa • Hungary • Czechoslovakia • Gustav Husa´k • Vaclav Havel • Nicolae Ceaus¸escu • After the Fall • NATO

  8. p. 952

  9. Reunification of Germany • Germany • Erich Honecker • ‘‘The wall must go!’’ • East Germany free elections • March 18, 1990 • Political reunification • October 3, 1990

  10. p. 954

  11. Chronology, p. 955

  12. Disintegration of Yugoslavia • Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia • Slobodan Milosevic • War in Bosnia • ‘‘Ethnic cleansing’ • Massacre at Srebrenica • War in Kosovo • Kosovo Liberation Army • Vojislav Kostunica • NATO troops

  13. p. 955

  14. Western Europe and the Search for Unity • Germany Restored • Helmut Kohl • Christian Democrats • Stasi Files • Gerhard Schroeder • Post-Thatcher Britain • Labour Party • John Major • Tony Blair • Gordon Brown

  15. Map 30-2, p. 957

  16. Western Europe and the Search for Unity (cont) • France • Jacques Chirac • 2005 Muslim riots • A Move to the Right • Nicolas Sarkozy • Italy • Corruption in Italy • Silvio Berlusconi • Romano Prodi

  17. p. 958

  18. Chronology, p. 960

  19. Unification of Europe • European Community • Single Europe Act • Treaty on European Union • European Union • Competition on the world market • Military force • Problems of national identity • By 2007, EU to 455 million people

  20. Map 30-3, p. 961

  21. The United States: Move to the Center • George H. W. Bush • Bill Clinton • Period of economic revival • 2nd term impeachment • George W. Bush • War in Iraq • Bush tax cuts • Canada • Brian Mulroney (b. 1939), elected in 1984 • Quebec • René Lévesque • Parti Québécois

  22. p. 962

  23. End of the Cold War • Mikhail Gorbachev • INF Treaty • Overthrow of Communist regimes • Gulf War • Iraq forces in Kuwait • ‘‘New World Order’’

  24. p. 963

  25. An Age of Terrorism • Munich Olympic Games • Terrorist Organizations • Red Army Faction • Red Brigades • Charles Martel Club • IRA • Palestinian terrorists • Pan American flight 103

  26. Terrorist Attack on the United States • September 11, 2001 • al-Qaeda • Osama bin Laden • U.S.S. Cole • Afghan and U.S. special forces ousted The Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001 • New multiethnic government faced problems from renewed Taliban activity

  27. p. 965

  28. p. 965

  29. p. 965

  30. War in Iraq • In 2003, largely American-led forces invaded Iraq • Iraqi army was quickly defeated • Allied forces sought to restore stability to the country • Setting forth plans to lay the foundations of a future democratic society • Saddam Hussein captured, tried and executed • By 2006, violence had increased dramatically and Iraq • In 2007, President Bush increased the number of U.S. troops • The Surge • Troops loss decreased significantly

  31. The West and Islam • Israeli-Palestinian conflict • The Shah of Iran • Ayatollah Khomeini • U.S. forces in the Middle East considered an affront to Islam by anti-Western Islamic groups

  32. New Directions in Western Society • Transformation in Women’s Lives • Birthrates down • Woman in workforce on the rise • The Women’s Movement • Involvement in Environmental movement • International conferences • Immigration • Guest workers • Islam is growing in Europe and the United States

  33. p. 967

  34. Art and Music in the 1980s and 1990s • Visual Arts • Kiefer • Basquiat • Andres Serrano and Robert Mapplethorpe • National Endowment for the Arts • Music • Grunge, Rap and Hip Hop • Digital • Worldwide Web • Cellular phones • Art and Music • Bill Viola • Matthew Barney

  35. p. 970

  36. p. 972

  37. p. 973

  38. p. 974

  39. Toward a Global Civilization • Globalization • Global Economy • World Bank • Transnational corporations • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade • World Trade Organization

  40. p. 975

  41. Toward a Global Civilization (cont) • Environmental issues • Global warming • Greenhouse gases • Social Challenges • Migration and developed and developing nations • Global Movements • ‘‘Think globally, act locally’’ • Nongovernmental organizations

  42. Timeline, p. 979

  43. Discussion Questions • What was the impact of Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms on the Soviet Union? Was he its savior or its destroyer? • Was Reagan’s push for weapons development the cause for the Soviet economic collapse? • What were the chief obstacles in the reunification of Germany? How were these obstacles resolved? • How has terrorism changed over the last two decades? What forces brought about these changes?

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