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Architectures and Techniques for modern E-business Systems

Explore the evolution of E-business systems, integration patterns, collaborative commerce, and modern architectures. Learn about E-commerce, E-business, and the latest industry standards. Understand the importance of integration, business process presentation, middleware, and component frameworks. Discover the various types of integration technologies like EDI, XML, and Web Services.

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Architectures and Techniques for modern E-business Systems

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  1. Architectures and Techniques for modern E-business Systems

  2. Agenda • E-Business, E-Commerce, C-Commerce • E-business Architecture • Integration issues and solutions • E-business Integration Patterns • ebXML – the Newest Global Standard • Positioning • Main concepts • State of the Art • Quality of Business Service

  3. E-Business and E-Commerce • The two concepts do not mean the same • They are often confused • E-commerce is a part of E-business along with: • Infrastructure • Customer Relationship Management (CRM) • Business Intelligence • Supply Chain Management

  4. E-Business and E-Commerce • E-commerce, or electronic commerce, is conducting business communications and transactions via computers and over networks. It is buying and selling of goods and services through digital communication. E-commerce also includes transactions on the World Wide Web and Internet, and modes such as electronic funds transfer, smart cards, and digital cash. Introduced around 1994 (Amazon.com). • E-business, or electronic business, derived (the term) from 'e-commerce'. It is conducting business on the Internet, but not just buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners. The term conveys that the business conducts its business entirely online. Introduced around 1997 (IBM).

  5. E-business Systems Evolution • Proprietary corporate solutions • EDI – E-business for the big • Ad-hoc solutions using the Internet • The XML promise and reality • The need for E-business standards • ebXML – the latest focal point of E-business standardisation efforts

  6. Collaborative Commerce • Opening-up ERP systems and business application of SMEs • Integrating them into multi-enterprise collaborative commerce framework • Interaction between businesses independent on size and geographical location

  7. It is All about Integration • The High-Level Goals: • Independence of business operations from underlying technology • Flexibility • Ease of access for businesses of various size • Cost effectiveness • Investment protection

  8. Types of Integration (scope) • With regard to integration scope there are two major classes: • Enterprise Application Integration – EAI • Typically occurs within an enterprise • Known as Application-to-Application – A2A • Business-to-Business Integration – B2Bi • Typically used for inter-enterprise integration • Known as Extended Enterprise

  9. Application Tiers Business Process Presentation Application Database Integration Middleware Component frameworks J2EE, .NET, CORBA Message Queuing JMS, MQSeries Application Servers Web Services EDI XML Vocabularies Types of Integration (technology)

  10. Business Process Integration • Commercial Products: • TIBCO • Vitria • BEA • Sybase • Oracle • ... From http://eai.ebizq.net/bpm/aubin_1.html

  11. E-business Integration Patterns • Mentioned positioning of Integration types theoretically yields 3D classification matrix • Not all combinations are equally viable • Most frequently used proven approaches are referred to as patterns • IBM did a good job describing E-business patterns http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/patterns

  12. E-business Integration Patterns • The document exchange pattern • The exposed applications pattern • The exposed business services pattern • The managed public processes pattern • The managed public and private processes pattern

  13. Document Exchange Pattern

  14. Document Exchange Pattern • Suited for partners replacing papers by electronic data interchange • Data formats and communication channels must be agreed by partners • Tight coupling between external and internal processes • Typically batched processing – classic EDI

  15. Exposed Application Pattern

  16. Exposed Application Pattern • Application tier exposed directly to the outside world • Message Queuing or Component Framework as middleware • Direct coupling among partner applications leads to poor flexibility

  17. Exposed Business Services Pattern

  18. Exposed Business Services Pattern • A layer between the backend enterprise system and partner tier • This layer exposes an e-business oriented interface • Business service interface to be agreed by partners • Web Services technology is an example

  19. Managed Public Process Pattern

  20. Managed Public Process Pattern • Private and Public processes are separated more strictly • Public processes are identified, analysed and formally described • Integration occurs at Business Process level • RosettaNet is an example • Trading Partner Agreements TPA

  21. Managed Private/Public Process

  22. Managed Private/Public Process • Unified management environment for public and private processes • An ambitious effort, requires redesigning of internal applications to externalise the business process state and the process flow logic

  23. Layered E-business Architecture • Business Modelling Layer • Integration Layer • Business Integration Layer • Services Integration Layer • Infrastructure Layer

  24. ebXML Framework • A framework of specifications for E-business integration based on state-of-the-art software architecture concepts and on experience in development of E-business systems • E-business interactions between organizations are modelled, standardised and published via E-business registries • The use of XML-based, declarative specification languages provides configurability and interoperability • Architectural separation of business and information technology aspects of e-business systems

  25. ebXML and Integration Patterns • ebXML is intended to support managed public processes pattern: • Various middleware types are supported • Focus on E-business application rather application integration • Declarative definition of public business processes • Support of partner agreements

  26. ebXML Modelling Methodology

  27. ebXML Business Operational View • The BOV Addresses: • The semantics of business data in transactions and associated datainterchanges • The architecture for business transactions,including: • Operationalconventions • Agreements and arrangements • Mutual obligations and requirements

  28. ebXML Functional Services View • The FSV Addresses: • Functional capabilities • Business Service Interfaces • Protocols and Messaging Services

  29. ebXML Framework cont‘d • Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS) is an XML-based specification language that formally defines "public" business processes. It focuses on the collaboration of trading partners, and the business transaction activities they perform in the context of those collaborations.

  30. ebXML Framework cont‘d • Core Components: Those provide the business information that is encoded in business documents that are exchanged between business partners. • Registry/Repository: This is useful for more than merely conducting business searches. Some business scenarios depend heavily on registries to support setting up business relationships.

  31. ebXML Framework cont‘d • Collaboration Protocol Profiles (CPP) and Agreements (CPA): These are XML documents that encode a party's e-business capabilities or two parties' e-business agreements, respectively. • Transport, Routing and Packaging: The ebXML messaging services provide an elegant general-purpose messaging mechanism. The ebXML messaging service is layered over SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and can transport arbitrary types of business content.

  32. ebXML Business Scenario

  33. ebXML State of the Art • Started in November 1999 sponsored by OASIS and UN/CEFACT • Framework specifications delivered in May 2001 • Steady adoption by commercial vendors, government organisations and Open Source community

  34. ebXML State of the Art cont‘d • ebXML in production • www.steel24-7.com • www.papinet.org • HL7 • ebXML pilots • Sun Microsystems with Sabre • Sun Microsystems with GM • US CDC – www.cdc.org • British Telecom

  35. ebXML State of the Art cont‘d • Not all the parts of the framework are adopted equally • ebXML Messaging gets most of the attention • Core Components are of wide interest • Full-scale support of business process modelling and run-time interpretation is still to come

  36. Towards Quality of Service • Integration-level QoS • Business-level QoS • Service Level Agreements • Research directions

  37. Integration-level QoS • Collective measure of the level of service a provider delivers to its customers or subscribers • Availability (downtime) • Response time and throughput • Abandoned transactions • Speed of fault detection and correction • ...

  38. Business-level QoS • Based on business metrics and profit models • A simple profit model: Time = W - the response time constraint Revenue = r * (number of completed transactions) Cost = c * (number of responses longer than W) Profit = Revenue - cost • Closely related to the integration-level QoS via profit-oriented feedback control

  39. SLA – Main Aspects • Legal: Provides for the negotiations between customer and service provider • Operational: Provides for the execution of the services under the SLA • Financial: Provides an assessment of the financial implications in the SLA

  40. Research Directions • Modelling of inter-relation between the integration-level and business-level QoS • Monitoring, measurement and management of business processes based on QoS levels • Instrumenting of the above in ebXML or similar environment • Implementing in practice

  41. Related Work • Integration-level QoS and BP management • SLA specification language

  42. Q2B (QoS to Biz) Framework • Developed by HP Labs, 2001 • Intended to: • Monitor and correlate QoS with business metrics • Visualise results • Issue alerts according to defined thresholds • Adapt and optimise business processes based on the

  43. Q2B (QoS to Biz) Framework • Key points of importance for us: • SOA based approach – HP e-speak middleware, similar to Web Services • Conceptual similarity to RBVO – federated e-services • Non-intrusive interceptor based monitoring • XML-based data exchange

  44. Q2B - Monitoring of QoS From HPL-2001-96, HP Laboratories

  45. SLAng – an SLA Language • Developed by Department of Computer Science, University College London • Part of an EU IST project http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/d.lamanna/tapas.html

  46. SLAng Goals • Producing a formal language, with a well defined syntax and semantics for describing service level specifications (SLSs) • Specification of non functional features (service level) of contracts between independent parties to allow the integration with the functional design of a distributed component system • Parameterisation, compositionality, validation of service level agreements

  47. SLAng Positioning

  48. SLAng - SLA structure

  49. SLAng - SLA Classification

  50. SLAng - SLA Classification

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