The IOI-kids best 2008 project

1. The IOI-kids best 2008 project People whose work is connected to the sea

2. Different jobs related to the sea • Scuba-Divers • Fishermen • Sailors • Under-water photographers • Marine biologists • Lighthouse keepers

3. Scuba-Divers • Scuba diving is swimming underwater, while using a scuba set. • By carrying a source of breathing gas the scuba diver is able to stay underwater longer than simply holding his breath used in free-diving.

4. Some divers swim around with the help of a DPV (diver propulsion vehicle), or by using surface-tethered devices called sleds pulled by a boat .

5. Fishermen • A fisherman is someone who gathers fish, shellfish, or other animals from water, usually the sea. • It usually refers people who fish as a profession. • It can also be used to identify sport fishermen or "anglers". It may be used to describe both men and women.

6. Fishing is an ancient and worldwide practice with various techniques and traditions and which have been transformed by modern developments.

7. Sailors • A sailor is a person who controls water-borne vessels ,such as a ship, or assists in their operation. • A sailor can refer to professional mariners, military personnel, and recreational sailors. • Etymologically, the name preserves the memory of the time when ships were powered by sails, but applies to the personnel of all vessels.

8. Common categories by department include; the Deck department, the Engineering department, and the Steward's department.

9. A number of professional mariners have left the industry and lead noteworthy lives in the naval services or on the shore. For example; • Traian Băsescu, started his career as a third mate in 1976 and is now the President of Romania. • Arthur Phillip joined the Merchant Navy in 1751 and 37 years later founded Sydney, Australia. • Merchant mariner Douglass North went from seaman to navigator to win the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economics

10. Under-water photography • Underwater imaging is considered an very challenging area of photography, since it requires very special equipment and techniques to be successful.

11. Despite these challenges, it offers the possibility of many exciting and rare photographic opportunities. • Animals such as fish and marine mammals are the most common subjects, but photographers also take photos of shipwrecks, submerged cave systems, underwater "landscapes", and portraits of fellow divers.

12. Problems of under-water photography • The primary obstacle faced by underwater photographers is the loss of colour and contrast when submerged to any significant depth. • The longer wavelengths of sunlight are absorbed quickly by the surrounding water, so even to the naked eye everything appears blue-green in colour.

13. The loss of colour not only increases vertically through the water column, but also horizontally, so subjects further away from the camera will also appear colorless and indistinct. • This effect is true even in apparently clear water, like that found around tropical coral reefs.

14. Underwater photographers solve this problem by joining two techniques. • The first is to get the camera as close to the photographic subject as possible, minimizing the horizontal loss of colour. This is best achieved by using wide-angle lenses, which allow very close focus, or macro lenses, where the subject is often only inches away from the camera.

15. The second technique is the use of flash to restore any colour lost vertically through the water column.

16. Marine biologist A Marine biologist studies living organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water.

17. Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic, including plankton and phytoplankton to the huge whales which reach up to a around 48 meters in length.

18. Lighthouse keeper • A lighthouse keeper is the person responsible for a lighthouse, especially the light and lens in the days when oil lamps and clockwork mechanisms where used. Keepers were needed to refill fuel, wind clockworks and perform maintenance jobs such as cleaning lenses and windows. Electrification and other improvements such as remote monitoring and automatic bulb changing made a huge difference.

19. The last civilian keeper in the United States, Frank Schubert, died in 2003. The last officially manned lighthouse, Boston Light, was manned by the Coast Guard until 1998. It now has volunteer "keepers" whose main job is to serve as a tour guide for visitors.

20. for viewing my presentation I hope you enjoyed it! Rachel Ebejer St. Monica school Birkirkara