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SCIENCE FORM ONE

SCIENCE FORM ONE. THEME : INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE. PRESENTED BY : PN. SHAMSIDAR BT. RAMLI. CONTENTS. 1.1 What is Science. 1.2 Science Laboratory. 1.3 The Steps in a Scientific Investigation. 1.4 Physical Quantities and Their Units. 1.5 Weight and Mass. 1.6 Measuring Tool.

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SCIENCE FORM ONE

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  1. SCIENCE FORM ONE THEME : INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE PRESENTED BY : PN. SHAMSIDAR BT. RAMLI

  2. CONTENTS 1.1 What is Science 1.2 Science Laboratory 1.3 The Steps in a Scientific Investigation 1.4 Physical Quantities and Their Units 1.5 Weight and Mass 1.6 Measuring Tool 1.7 The Importance of Standard Units

  3. 1.1 What is Science ? 1. Scienceis the systematic study of nature and how it affects us and our environment. 2. Natural phenomena that happen in our environment can be explained through science For examples: A baby growing into an adult, a durian falling to the ground and ice melting. 3. Science is part of our daily live for examples our food, clothes and the appliances we use are related to science. 4. Science covers a very wide area of study. It divided into various fields, such as Biology, Chemistry and Physics.

  4. Biology : The study of living thing Physics : The study of interaction of matter and energy Chemistry : The study of composition and chemical properties of substances, their reaction and uses. 5. Science teachers, doctors and engineers are among many different careers in science. 6. Through scientific studies, new knowledge and discoveries are obtained. These improve our standard of living and the quality of our environment.

  5. 1.2 A Science Laboratory • 1. A science laboratory is a room or a building in which scientific investigations are carried out. • There are many types of apparatus in a science laboratory. • Common laboratory apparatus:

  6. Hazard symbols 1. Chemical in the science laboratory must be handled very carefully. 2. Some of the chemical are very dangerous and are harmful to our health. 3. Table 1.1 shows some of symbols that appear at the labels on the container or bottle that holds the chemicals.

  7. 1.3 The Steps in a Scientific Investigation • Identifying the problem • Making a hypothesis • Planning the experiment to • test the hypothesis • 4. Controlling the variables • 5. Collecting data • 6. Analysing and interpreting data • 7. Making conclusions • 8. Reporting

  8. 1.4 Physical Quantities and Their Units • Physical quantities is a quantity which can be measured. • There are five physical quantities which are frequently used in measurement: length, mass, time, temperature and electric current. • Each physical quantity is measured in the International • System of Units ( SI units ). These are standardized units: • Physical Quantities and S.I Units

  9. The value of a quantity can be written with a prefix. Each prefix has its own symbol and value. We write values with prefixes to make it is easier to record physical quantities. Symbols and values for prefixes

  10. Symbols and values for prefixes

  11. 1.5 Weight and Mass • 1.The weight of an object can measured by weighing it. • 2.This method is also used to measure the mass of an • object. Hence, weight and mass are often thought to be • the same. However, they are actually two different • quantities. • Mass • 1.The mass of an object is the quantity of matter in the • object. • 2.The S.I units for mass is the kilogram (kg). • 3.The mass of an object remains constant and does not • change from place to place.

  12. 4. The measuring instrument for mass is the balance. • Lever balance, electronic balance and beam • balance are some examples of balances that are used • to measure mass. • Weight • Theweightof an object isthe pull of the Earth’s gravity on • that object. • 2. The S.I unit for weight isNewton (N). • 3.Spring balanceandcompression balanceare tools that are used to measured weights.

  13. c). The differences between the mass and weight:

  14. 1.6 Measuring Tools A. Measurement of length 1. Length is the distance between two points. 2. The S.I unit for length is metre. 3. For measuring length of straight lines , measuring tape andmetre rule can be used. 4.To measure the length of a curved line, a piece of string or thread and a rulercan be used. Opisometre can also be used to measure length of a curved line especially map.

  15. Measurement of area • Area is a measure of the size or extent of a surface. • 2. The S.I unit for area is square metres (m²). • 3.The area of regular surfaces can be calculated by using • formulae. • 4. Large areas can be measured in square kilometers (km²). On the • other hand small areas can be measured in square centimeters • (cm²) and square millimeters (mm²). • a) The area of regular shape • 1.The area of regular surfaces can be calculated by using • formulae.

  16. The area regular and irregular surfaces • The arearegular and irregular surfacescan begraf paper. • estimated using To estimate the area of surfaces with regular and irregular shapes, divide the surfaces into small unit squares of known areas and count them. Incomplete squares are counted only if there areequal to half or more than halfthe area of a unit square. Total number of squares = 8 Area of one square = 1cm x 1cm =1cm2 Area of the irregular object = 8 x 1 cm2 = 8 cm2

  17. D. Measurement Volume • The volume of an object is the space occupied by that • object. • 2. The S.I unit for volume is cubic metres ( m3) • 3. Volume can also be measured in cubic millimetres ( mm3), • cubic centimeters(cm3),milliliters (ml), and litres (l). • a) The volume of regular-shaped objects • The volume of regular-shapes can be calculated by using • formulae. • The formulae for some common regular-shapes objects • are shown in the diagrams.

  18. b) The volume of liquid. • Formost liquid, the correct reading should be taken from the • bottom of the meniscus with the observer’s eyes at the same • level. See figure A. • For mercury, the correct reading should be taken from the top • of the meniscus with the observer’s eyes at the same level. • See figure B.

  19. 3. Tools for measuring the volumes of liquids are measuring cylinder, burette,pipette and measuring flask.

  20. The volume of irregular-shaped object.(solids) • To find the volume of irregular-shaped object, we can use • the water displacement method, as shown below: • -Immerse the solid in a measuring cylinder or a displacement can( Eureka can ) filled with water.Choose objects that do not dissolve in water.

  21. Questions • Science is the systematic study of nature and how it affects us and the • environment. • True / false  • 2.The study of science requires us to develop positive attitudes.  • True / false  • Processes (or methods) used in investigating and understanding science • require the use of scientific process skills. • True / false  • 4.Science process skills may be combined to carry out scientific investigations. • True / false • Through the study of science, we learn to solve problems and to make our • world a better place to live in. • True / false • 6. This is a step in scientific investigation • Identifying the ______________

  22. 7. This is a step in scientific investigation Making a _________________ 8. This is a step in scientific investigation Controlling ________________ 9. This is a step in scientific investigation Planning the ______________ to test the hypothesis. 10.This is a step in scientific investigation Collecting __________________ 11. A scientific application that has beneficted us is the A. production of deadly weapons B. production of nuclear missiles C. excessive use of pesticides D. invention of mobiles phone 12. Knowing product of science is important to every scientist so that he or she can A. rediscover what past scientists have done B. build on what other scientists have discovered C. challenge what other scientists have discovered D. acquire science process skills

  23. 13. Which of the following is not a basic process skill? A. observing C. predicting B. open-mindedness D. classifying 14.Satellites allowus to communicate A. slower over short distances B. faster over short distances C. slower over long distances D. faster over long distances 15. State the science process skill that is involved for you to come up with each of the following statement: a) The object is red and hard. ( ____________________ ) b) This ice cube will be half its size after 3 minutes. ( _________________) c) I think that the coconut tree 5 m high. (_______________________) d) Use a spring to determine the mass of an apple. (__________________ ) THE END

  24. 16. List the steps in a scientific investigation. • a. ______________________________________________ • b. ______________________________________________ • c. ______________________________________________ • d. ______________________________________________ • e. ______________________________________________ • f. ______________________________________________ • g. ______________________________________________ • h. ______________________________________________ • 17. Name two benefics of science. • a. ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • b. ____________________________________________ • ____________________________________________

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