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Prepared By : Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir ID: 2010000400008 13th Batch (session 2009-2013) Department : Wet Processing Technology Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com Blog : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit) Southeast University Department Of Textile Engineering I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
Operating Principle of carding machine In modern installations, raw material is supplied via pipe ducting into the feed chute (of different designs) (2) of the card. An evenly compressed batt of about 500 - 900 ktex is formed in the chute. A transport roller (3) forwards this batt to the feed arrangement (4). This consists of a feed roller and a feeder plate designed to push the sheet of fiber slowly into the operating range of the licker-in (5) while maintaining optimal clamping. The portion of the sheet projecting from the feed roller must be combed through and opened into tufts by the licker-in. These tufts are passed over grid equipment (6) and transferred to the main cylinder (8). In moving past mote knives, grids, carding segments (6), etc., the material loses the majority of its impurities. Suction ducts (7) carry away the waste. The tufts themselves are carried along with the main cylinder and opened up into individual fibers between the cylinder and the flats in the actual carding process.
The flats (10) comprise 80 - 116 individual carding bars combined into a belt moving on an endless path. Nowadays some 30 - 46 (modern cards about 27) of the flats are located in the carding position relative to the main cylinder; the rest are on the return run. During this return, a cleaning unit (11) strips fibers, neps and foreign matter from the bars. Fixed carding bars (9) and (12) are designed to assist the operation of the card. Grids or cover plates (13) enclose the underside of the main cylinder. After the carding operation has been completed, the main cylinder carries along the fibers that are loose and lie parallel without hooks. However, in this condition the fibers do not form a transportable intermediate product. An additional cylinder, the doffer (14), is required for this purpose. The doffer combines the fibers into a web because of its substantially lower peripheral speed relative to the main cylinder. A stripping device (15) draws the web from the doffer. After calendar rolls (16) have compressed the sliver to some extent, the coiler (18) deposits it in cans (17). The working rollers, cylinder and flats are provided with clothing, which becomes worn during fiber processing, and these parts must be reground at regular intervals.
Licker-in This is a cast roller with a diameter usually of around 250 mm. Saw-tooth clothing is applied to it. Beneath the licker-in there is an enclosure of grid elements or carding segments; above it is a protective casing of sheet metal. The purpose of the licker-in is to pluck finely opened tufts out of the feed batt, lead them over the dirt-eliminating parts under the roller and then deliver them to the main cylinder. In high- performance cards, rotation speeds are in the range of 800 - 2 000 rpm for cotton and about 600 rpm for synthetics.
Cylinder The cylinder is usually manufactured from cast iron, but is now sometimes made of steel. Most cylinders have a diameter of 1 280 - 1 300 mm (Rieter C 60 card 814 mm, speed up to 900 rpm) and rotate at speeds between 250 and 500 (to 600) rpm. The roundness tolerance must be maintained within extremely tight limits – the narrowest setting distance (between the cylinder and the doffer) is only about 0.1 mm. The cylinder is generally supported in roller bearings. Clothing configuration between main cylinder and doffer
Doffer • The cylinder is followed by the doffer, which is designed to take the individual fibers from the cylinder and condense them to a web. The doffer is mostly formed as a cast iron (or steel) drum with a diameter of about 600 - 707 mm. (680 mm on Rieter machines) . It is fitted with metallic clothing and runs at speeds up to about 300 m/min.
Detaching Apparatus Web detaching using detaching rollers and transverse belts
Machine Drive A, main drive for the cylinder, licker-in and flats; B, drive for the infeed; C, drive for the delivery, i.e. doffer, detaching rollers and coiler; D, drive for the cleaning roller of the detaching roller; E, drive for the cleaning roller of the flats via the stripping roller; F, fan.
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