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Cutesy : Name ID Saleh Akram 2009200400006 A. B. M. Golam Kibria 2009200400007 Ahmed Mostofa Sheikh 2009200400008 Md. Atikuir Rahman 2009200400009 Md. Hasanuzzaman 2009200400024 12thBatch Southeast University Department Of Textile Engineering I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
Prepared By : Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir ID: 2010000400008 13thBatch Wet Processing Technology Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com Southeast University Department Of Textile Engineering I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
Introduction Nonwoven Fabric is a fabric- like material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor knitted. Nonwoven materials typically lack strength unless densified or reinforced by a backing.
Definition Nonwoven stuffs are largely described as piece or web structures, bonded simultaneously by entangling fibre or filaments mechanically, thermally or chemically.
Definition of Nonwoven by EDANA A nonwoven is a sheet of fibres, continuous filaments or chopped yarns of any origin, that have been formed into a web by any means, and bonded together by any means with the exception of weaving or knitting.
History of Non-Woven The nonwoven textile fabric industry had an exploratory beginning in the late 1940s which entered into a development phase in the 1950sfollowed by commercial expansion in the 1960s. In the 19th century when England was the leading textile producing country, realizing that large amounts of fiber were wasted as trim a textile engineer named Garnett developed a special carding device to shred this waste material back to fibrous form. This fiber was used as filling material for pillows. The Garnett Machine though greatly modified, today still retains his name and is a major component in the non-woven industry. Later on manufacturers in Northern England began binding these fibers mechanically (using needles) and chemically (using glue) into batts. These were the precursors of today's non-woven.
Discussion The great advantages in non-woven fabrics is the speed with which the final fabric is produced. Production Rate All yarn preparation steps are eliminated, and the fabric production itself is faster than conventional methods. To produce 500,000 meters of woven sheeting requires 2 months of yarn preparation, 3 months of weaving on 50 looms and 1 month for finishing and inspection. Non-woven fabric can deliver the same quantity of sheeting within 2 months from order. Not only are production rate are higher for nonwovens, but the process is more automated, requiring less labor than even most modern knitting or weaving systems. The nonwoven process is also efficient in its use of energy.
Characteristics Nonwovens have specific characteristics that allow them to deliver high-performance across a wide range of applications. Specific functions include: Absorbency - liquid repellency - Resilience - stretch - Softness - strength - flame retardancy - wash ability (selective products), - Cushioning - filtering - bacterial barrier and sterility -
Woven Vs. Nonwoven Woven Fabrics (current utility uniform fabrics): Non-Woven (not woven from the loom) Fabrics: o Old Textile technologies known for centuries o Only a few decades’ old, future fabric technologies o Outdated and outsources to other countries o Offer innovation and technological growth for the industries in the USA o Not very effective for barrier garments o Very Effective for barrier clothing o Many steps thus expensiveive. o Few steps thus Less Expensive o Examples – Clothing, Automotive etc. Medical Garments, Hazmat o Examples – Garment, Furnishings etc.
Making nonwoven production There are normally three stages for making non-woven products. They are: Web formation, 1. Bonding systems; and 2. Finishing treatments. 3.
Raw Materials Cellulosic fibers The volume of bleached cotton used in nonwoven fabrics has been steadily increasing and cotton-polyester and rayon- polyester blends in nonwoven entangling have become attractive combinations for medical and feminine hygiene applications. There has been an interest in using unbleached cotton in nonwoven processes and some attractive experimental fabrics have been produced through the use of the hydro entangling process. fabrics bonded by hydro
Raw Materials Synthetic fibers Synthetic fibers The two most popular polyolefin fibers are polyethylene and polypropylene. These polymers are either converted into staple-length fibers which are subsequently converted into nonwoven fabrics or else converted into spun bonded nonwoven fabrics by extruding the polymers to form filaments which are formed into webs and bonded by thermal processes.
Auto Air Filtration • Micron Air particle filters, with their high arrestance Microfiber nonwovens, protect driver and passengers of a vehicle from pollen, dust, soot and other harmful particles penetrating inside their car via the intake air flow.
Liquid Filtration Nonwovens for filtering coolants and lubricants, as well as washing, phosphating and coagulation baths in the metal- processing industry. • Nonwovens for filtering milk, frying fats, drinking water, and blood plasma. • Membrane support nonwovens for filtering fruit juices, enzymes, electro-dip coating and effluents. •
Indoor Climate Control and Air Filtration Air filters for intake, exhaust and recirculated air filtration in indoor climate control systems: filter mats pocket filters activated-carbon combination filters cassette filters HEPA/ULPA filters depth-loading filter cartridges high-temperature filters
Dust Removal Filter cartridges, filter plates, filter bags and Eco-Protect safety filters for industrial dust removal applications, with high-performance filter media made of nonwovens.
Special Filtration • Respirators • Vacuum cleaners • Kitchen hood filters
Hygiene Baby diapers Incontinence products Feminine hygiene items
Medicals In medical applications, nonwovens offer maximized levels of safety and hygiene. They are used in adhesive plasters, wound pads and compresses, orthopedic waddings and stoma products. The nonwovens used here must, for example, be particularly absorbent and air- permeable, must not stick to the wound, and also have to ensure a skin-friendly micro- climate.
Furniture/Textile Application In furniture/textile applications, nonwovens satisfy even the most disparate functional requirements for producing upholstered furniture, bed ware and quilted products, and protective clothing. Nonwovens here excel in terms of their textile look, their air- permeable breathability, and high abrasion resistance values.
Horticulture In horticultural applications, nonwovens protect the plants against temperature extremes by day and by night, thus creating the foundation for earlier harvests with excellent results. They are permeable to both air and water, UV-stabilized, and resistant to rotting.
Automotive Interiors Facings and structural reinforcement materials are used in a variety of different applications Includes: headliners, trunk liners, door trim, package trays, sun visors and seats.
In Shoes A broad spectrum of applications including: - liners, - counter liners, - inter-liners and - reinforcing materials Membranes and insoles ensure a healthy foot climate and a high degree of foot comfort.
Inspection system of nonwoven fabric There are some common inspection system for nonwoven fabric is given bellows:
Sample of Nonwoven Fabric Using Polypropylene (PP) materials non woven fabrics are:
Association Takes role for Development of Nonwoven: Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry (INDA) which is research for total improvement of nonwoven fabric since 1968 to still now. Their conferences and action-oriented committees bring industry professionals together to explore the most pressing trends and issues in the areas of government relations, technology, marketing and international commerce. In 1991 The Nonwovens Cooperative Research Center (NCRC) was established as a State/Industry-University Cooperative Research Center (State/IUCRC). Asian Nonwovens Fabric Association (ANFA) opens membership for the Asian countries for expending the business of nonwoven. EDANA is the international association serving the nonwovens and related industries. EDANA provides a comprehensive range of services and supplies its members with the information and data necessary for them to enhance the industry goals and performance. 1) 2) 3) 4)
Conclusion Nonwoven fabrics are engineered fabrics that may be a limited life, single-use fabric or a very durable fabric. Nonwoven fabrics provide specific functions such as absorbency, liquid repellency, resilience, stretch, softness, strength, flame retardancy, wash ability, cushioning, filtering, bacterial barrier and sterility. These properties are often combined to create fabrics suited for specific jobs while achieving a good balance between product use-life and cost. In combination with other materials they provide a spectrum of products with diverse properties and are used alone or as components of apparel, home furnishings, health care, engineering, industrial and consumer goods. In this assignment we discussed what non-woven is and their applications in textile.
Lay Out Of Non oven Factory Machine of Nonwoven Industry
