1 / 51

3. Geometrical Optics

3. Geometrical Optics. Geometric optics —process of light ray through lenses and mirrors to determine the location and size of the image from a given object. Reflection and Mirror. Image Formation by Reflection. Application of Double Reflection -Periscope. DIY Periscope.

shilah
Download Presentation

3. Geometrical Optics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 3. Geometrical Optics

  2. Geometric optics—process of light ray through lenses and mirrors to determine the location and size of the image from a given object . Reflection and Mirror

  3. Image Formation by Reflection

  4. Application of Double Reflection-Periscope

  5. DIY Periscope

  6. DIY Periscope (Cont’)

  7. Law of reflection (Snell’s law)

  8. Types of Lenses

  9. Ray Tracing through Thin Lenses

  10. Lens equation: Image Formation by thin Lenses

  11. ABCD Matrix

  12. ABCD Matrix (Cont’)

  13. ABCD Matrix (Cont’)

  14. ABCD Matrix (Cont’)

  15. ABCD Matrix (Cont’)

  16. ABCD Matrix (Cont’)

  17. ABCD Matrix (Cont’)

  18. Aberrations of Lenses Primary Aberration  image deviate from the original picture/the first-order approximation Monochromatic aberrations  Spherical Aberration  Coma  Astigmatism  Curvature of field  Distortion Chromatic aberration

  19. General Method of Reducing Aberration in Optical Systems-Multiple Lenses United States Patent 6844972

  20. General Method of Reducing Aberration in Optical Systems-Multiple Lenses (Cont’) United States Patent 6995908

  21. Chromatic Aberration The focal lengths of lights with distinct wavelengths are different.

  22. Solution of Chromatic Aberration-Using Doublet, Triplet, or Diffractive Lens

  23. Spherical Aberration (SA)

  24. Spherical Aberration for Different Lenses (a)  Simple biconvex lens (b)  “Best-form” lens (c)  Two lenses (d)  Aspheric, almost plano-convex lens

  25. Solutions of Spherical Aberration-Using Aspherical Lens or Stop

  26. Coma

  27. Coma (Cont’) (a) Negative coma (b) Postive coma

  28. Astigmatism

  29. Astigmatism (Cont’)

  30. Solutions of Astigmatism-Using Multiple Lenses

  31. Curvature of field

  32. Solutions of Curvature of field-Using Multiple Lenses

  33. Distortion Picture taken by a wide-angle camera in front of graph paper with square grids

  34. Solution of Distortion-Using Multiple Lenses

  35. Nearsightedness (Myopia) and Farsightedness (Hyperopia)

  36. Image Formation  Camera

  37. Camera F-number Eg. 50 mm camera lens, aperture stop 6.25mm: F-number = 8 (f/8) Exposure E: energy collected by camera lens B: brightness of object A: area of aperture d: diameter of aperture stop

  38. Camera Lenses • Wide-angle Lenses-the Aviogon and the Zeiss Orthometer lenses • Standard Lenses-the Tessar and the Biotar lenses • Lens of reducing the 3rd-order aberration-the Cooke triplet lens

  39. Depth of Field (DOF) • The distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image. • In cinematography, a large DOF is called deep focus, and a small DOF is often called shallow focus. • For a given F-number, increasing the magnification decreases the DOF; decreasing magnification increases DOF. • For a given subject magnification, increasing the F-number increases the DOF; decreasing F-number decreases DOF.

  40. Numerical Aperture (NA) • The numerical aperture of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light. • Generally, • For a multi-mode optical fiber,

  41. Telescope

  42. Astronomical (Keplerian) Telescope For small angle: Magnification (magnifying power): General Keplerian telescope: d=fo+fe : angle subtended at input end in front of objective ’: angle subtended at output end behind eyepiece (inverted image)

  43. Galileo Telescope General Galileo telescope: d=fo-fe

  44. TerrestrialTelescope All images are erecting

  45. Optical Microscope

  46. Microscope Theory Overall magnification: mo: linear magnification of objective me: angular magnification of eyepiece Linear magnification: Numerical aperture (NA) Objective

  47. Microscope Theory (Cont’) Overall magnification of microscope: fo: focal length of objective fe: focal length of eyepiece Angular magnification: Eyepiece (normal reading distance)

  48. Simple Projection System

More Related