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Radiobiology

Radiobiology . By: Yasmin Ammari. What is Radiobiology?. Radiobiology (radiation biology) is the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things.

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Radiobiology

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  1. Radiobiology By: Yasmin Ammari

  2. What is Radiobiology? • Radiobiology (radiation biology) is the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things. • As a field of clinical and basic medical sciences, originated from Leopold Freund’s 1896 demonstrated of the therapeutic treatment of a hairy mole using a new type of electromagnetic radiation called, X-rays, which was also discovered one year previously by the German physicist, Wilhelm Rontgen. At the same time, Pierre and Marie Curie discovered the radioactive polonium and radium later used o treat cancer.

  3. Types of Radiation • Electromagnetic Radiation: is energy transferred from one place to another by means of electromagnetic waves. • Thermal Radiation: is the subset of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by an object due to its temperature. • Gravitation Radiation: is the energy transferred from one place to another by means of a gravitational wave.

  4. Cosmic Radiation: consists of high energy, ionized nuclei and electrons whose origin is outside of the earth. • Nuclear Radiation: are the energetic electromagnetic waves released during the radioactive decay of isotopes. There are several forms: • Alpha particles • Beta particles • Gamma rays • X rays • Neutrons

  5. Health Effects of Radiobiology • Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things, but can have health benefits in radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis. • High doses can cause severe radiation burns and/or rapid fatality through acute radiation syndrome.

  6. Some effects of ionizing radiation on human health are stochastic. Radiation-induced cancer, teratogenesis, cognitive decline and heart disease are all examples of stochastic effects. • Other conditions, such as radiation burns, acute radiation syndrome, chronic radiation syndrome and radiation-induced thyroiditis are deterministic. • Other effects include radiation-induced lung injury, cataracts and infertility.

  7. Exposure Pathways There are two Pathways: • External Pathway • Internal Pathway

  8. External Pathway • When a person places a sealed radioactive source in his pocket. • A space traveller who is irradiated by cosmic rays. • A person who is treated for cancer by either teletherapy or brachytherapy. • A nuclear worker whose hands have been contaminated with radioactive dust.

  9. Internal Pathway • The exposure caused by potassium-40 present within a normal person. • Ingestion of a soluble radioactive substance such as 89Sr in cow’s milk. • A person who is being treated for caner by radiopharmaceutical treatments is where a radioisotopes will be used as a drug. • Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT): involves injecting a boron-10 tagged chemical that preferentially binds to tumor cells. The tumor is selectively bombarded with these neutrons.

  10. Radiotherapy treats cancer by using high-energy x-rays to destroy the cancer cells, while doing as little harm as possible to normal cells.

  11. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiobiology (14/12/2012 3:00pm) • http://physics.info/radiobiology/ (15/12/2012 4:08pm)

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