1 / 37

Chapter 13

Chapter 13. solutions. Homogeneous Particle size- atoms, ions, molecules Does not separate on standing Cannot be separated by filtration Does not scatter light. Colloids. Heterogeneous Very large particles Does not separate on standing Cannot be separated by filtration

shina
Download Presentation

Chapter 13

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 13

  2. solutions • Homogeneous • Particle size- atoms, ions, molecules • Does not separate on standing • Cannot be separated by filtration • Does not scatter light

  3. Colloids • Heterogeneous • Very large particles • Does not separate on standing • Cannot be separated by filtration • Scatters light- Tyndal effect

  4. Suspensions • Heterogeneous • Very large particles • Particles settle out • Can be separated by filtration • May or may not scatter light

  5. Electrolyte- a solution that conducts electricity—must have ions present • What system in the body uses electrolytes?

  6. Solute- substance being dissolved • Solvent- substance (medium) doing the dissolving

  7. Substances that are mutually soluble- the smaller amount is the solute

  8. Random facts Water is the universal solvent Air is the solvent for all evaporated substances Alloy- mixture of 2 metals BRASS- zinc and copper 14 carat gold- gold and silver

  9. Foams and emulsions are colloids • (mayo, shaving cream)

  10. What type of mixture is Fog? What is fog made of? • Why do you drive with your lights on dim?

  11. Increase Rate of dissolving • 1. heat- particles collide faster and more often • 2. agitation- same as above 3. surface area- more area exposed to the solvent (crushing, grinding)

  12. solubility • Amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent

  13. Formation of a solution • Solute breaks apart (endo) • Solvent breaks apart (endo) • Solute and solvent form and attraction(exo) • Overall depends on which is greater- exo or endo

  14. Solubility of a substance depends on: • bonding, pressure, temperature.

  15. Bonding effect • Like dissolves like • Polar dissolves polar • Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar • Review terms: miscible, immiscible

  16. Styrofoam cup demo

  17. Why can oxygen gas O2 (nonpolar) dissolve in water (polar)? (This is an IMF question)

  18. Why drink red wine with red meat? • Red meat is very fatty and this fat coats the tongue • When the skin of the grape undergoes fermentation, tannic acid is produced • Tannic acid has a polar end and a nonpolar end. The nonpolar end dissolves the fat off of the tongue

  19. White wine(no grape skins) does not contain tannic acid, has a milder taste and is used with low fat meat(chicken)

  20. Can I drink Welch’s grape juice and get the same effect as red wine?

  21. Soap and detergent

  22. Soap and Detergent • Water is polar Grease is nonpolar • Soap is a long carbon chain compound that has a polar end and a nonpolar end. • Nonpolar end sticks into the grease and the polar end can dissolve in water • Soapy water forms a colloid and is washed down the drain

  23. Soaps form precipitates with “hard water”. Water that contains ions such as Ca+2, Fe+3 • Detergents do not form precipitates so they wash away cleaner

  24. Pressure • Effects gases • Increase in pressure, increases solubility of gas • Decrease in pressure, decreases solubility of gas • Effervescence- rapid escape of a gas

  25. Why do you tap on the mouth of a coke can?

  26. What is the “bends” to a scuba diver? • A diver will have more gases dissolved in their blood. A diver has to pause when coming up to allow for the gases to be exhaled. Too fast ascent and the gases cannot be exhaled

  27. Temperature • Increase in heat– increases solubility of a solid and liquid • Decrease in heat- increases solubility of a gas

  28. Which goes flat faster? • A opened Coke in the refrigerator or the coke left on the counter

  29. What is thermal pollution in a lake? Why does it kill fish?

  30. Boiling water • Bubbles at the bottom of beaker- what are they and why did they appear?

  31. Concession Stands • Trailer type- no electricity- how does the carbon dioxide get dissolved in the drinks? • Resturant type- has electricity- how does the carbon dioxide get dissolved in the drinks?

  32. Saturated- max amount of solute • Unsaturated- less than max amount of solute

  33. Supersaturated- using heat, the solute was dissolved and the solution was slowly cooled- contains more than the max amount of solute at the lower temperature.

  34. Solubility curve

  35. What temperature is needed to dissolve 50 grams of potassium nitrate in 100 ml? • How many grams of potassium chloride is needed to make a saturated solution at 80c? • If a supersaturated solution was made with 80 grams of KNO3 and cooled to 40c. How many grams of solute came out of solution when a seed crystal was added?

  36. Looking at the graph, which substance is a gas based on the solubility graph? • Which substance has the highest solubility at 10c? • What 2 substance has the same solubility at 72c?

  37. Expressing Concentration • Be able to work the (blue) problem page completely and we should test next week.

More Related