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Internet and India: Vision & Opportunities

Internet and India: Vision & Opportunities. Demystifying Broadband Internet in India’s Context. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai ashok@tenet.res.in. Internet is Power . Internet is not just a means of communications, but is Power can enable people in all kinds of ways

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Internet and India: Vision & Opportunities

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  1. Internet and India:Vision & Opportunities Demystifying Broadband Internet in India’s Context Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai ashok@tenet.res.in

  2. Internet is Power • Internet is not just a means of communications, but is Power • can enable people in all kinds of ways • But Internet in India has grown slowly • is expensive • Internet based Education, Internet based Commerce and Internet based Entertainment is virtually non-existent • What does India require? Telecom India, Nov03 2

  3. Dial-up Internet • Internet widely available on fixed telephone lines (45 million) using dial-up • provides 10 kbps average bit-rate on 33.6 kbps connection at Rs 35 per hour • Rural / Small town telephones often connect at 9.6 kbps • enables email and some browsing • Mobile (20 million) can support 100 kbps shared connection (for all users in a sector) on GPRS/3G-1X • less than even dial-up rate at Rs 26 per hour • great for handsets -- but meaningless for homes/ small offices Telecom India, Nov03 3

  4. What will we like at homes/ small offices? • Low bit-rate connection for messaging at Rs 100 per month • 33.6 kbps (dedicated) Always On connection at Rs 250 per month • will enable email, browsing and some education/commerce • 100 kbps (dedicated) Always On connection at Rs 500 per month • will enable video-conferencing, some entertainment • 2Mbps (dedicated) Always On connection at Rs 1000 per month • will enable video on demand, entrtainment • Can we get there?? Telecom India, Nov03 4

  5. Where are the bottlenecks? • International Network • Rs 100,000 per month per Mbps (one way to/from USA) • if one uses a 100 kbps connection to continuously pull traffic from a US based server, the international network alone will cost Rs 10K per month? • Backbone Network cost in India • Rs 20,000 per month per Mbps (one way, farthest distance) • Access Network: connecting from PoP to home/office • dial up costs Rs 26 per minute for telephony alone Telecom India, Nov03 5

  6. International Link charges limits Internet speed in India • At Rs 100K per month for a 1 Mbps Internet link • and with most traffic going to servers located in the West • Internet bandwidth can not be made affordable • Problem complicated by the fact that Indian ISPs often connect to each other only via international links • Answer: • Internet Exchange in India • all traffic with source and destination in India must remain in India • Create Indian Content and host it in India • Mirror / host International sites in India • reduce International traffic fraction from 85% to 25% in three years Telecom India, Nov03 6

  7. Backbone Network cost in India still high • At a cost of Rs 20,000 per Mbps (one way) between Metros, Backbone Network cost is still a bottleneck • reduce it by a factor of three to four in next couple of years • With huge fibre build-up taking place, this is likely • incentives needed to speed this up Telecom India, Nov03 7

  8. For home/office connectivity Access is the primary bottleneck • Access Choices: • Dial-up Internet: too costly and too little • Mobile: too costly and far too little • DSL on Copper: available only with incumbent (BSNL/MTNL) • Coaxial Cable: Can we overcome Quality? • Wireless: Can we provide enough bandwidth? • Fibre to the home/curb: build may take time(with Last METERS of Copper or wireless) Telecom India, Nov03 8

  9. Digital Subscriber Loop on Copper • What is technologically possible today? • ADSL: 6 Mbps downlink and 512 kbps uplink for 4 Kms cu • VDSL: 20 Mbps downlink and 1 Mbps uplink for 700 m • But who has copper links to homes/offices? • Only BSNL/MTNL • What are the lengths of such copper loop • mostly 3-4 Kms; 5% may be 700 m (connected using DLCs) • What is the quality of such copper? • Poor, except when 700 m copper links with DLCs are used • can not be used to provide even lite-ADSL • Dishnet/Bharati are putting their own cables in a limited way Telecom India, Nov03 9

  10.  128 kbps V5.2 PSTN IP Internet 2 Mbps IAN HDSU BSNL provide DSL service in 50 citiesusing DIAS • 128/64 kbps Internet + simultaneous voice • 2 Mbps Internet + phones • Always ON Internet connection at Rs 850 per month • is likely to come down to Rs 500 per month Telecom India, Nov03 10

  11. Internet on Coaxial Cable • Widely used in USA • 10 to 40 Mbps broadcast in forward direction and 512 kbps to 1 Mbps shared up-link • Coaxial provides TV to 60 million Indian homes • at carrier charge of Rs 80 per month (in contrast to charge of $ 20+ per month in most developing countries) • how is this possible? • Choice of cable, connectors, amplifiers and deployment and maintenance methodology are all designed to provide TV services at Rs 80 per month • Most attempts in India towards conversion of the coaxial plant for two-way Internet communication has been a failure Telecom India, Nov03 11

  12. Wireless: The happening Areacan it solve our access problem to homes/ small offices? • Wireless Technologies: • 2.5 G Mobile: 3G-1x/GSM/GPRS • can deliver 100 kbps shared connection to all subs in a sector • may deliver 1 Mbps shared connection in future (3G) • still at best comparable to 56 kbps dial-up; uses huge spectrum; will be costly --- can compete with dial-up • corDECT WiLL: 35/ 70 kbps dedicated Always On connection • comparable to dial-up: require aggressive strategy to provide • Low bit-rate connection for messaging at Rs 100 per month • 33.6 kbps (dedicated) Always On connection at Rs 250 per month • 2.5G corDECT will provide Always On 100 kbps dedicated connectivity Telecom India, Nov03 12

  13. Wireless Technologies (continued) • 802.11 Wireless LAN • ideal LAN for office, homes, public places (100 meters) • but required fibre/DSL connection to base station • PMP Systems (proprietary) providing 64kbps to 2Mbps connection • companies like SIFY provides 64 kbps at Rs 20K per month • shared connection to multiple user in a building • 802.16 WiMax (OFDM) • new standard -- 10 Mbps shared connection in a sector • may amount to 500 kbps dedicated connection to each user • what price point and when? • 4G wireless / MIMO • promises more: when, how much and at what cost? Telecom India, Nov03 13

  14. RT Gig E ring DATA Subscriber Services PSTN HDSL n X 64 .. ADSL COT ISDN STM-1 Ring VDSL Leased line Broadband Switch Narrowband Support POTS Ethernet Fibre Access Networkfinally beating the bandwidth game • Fibre to the Building / Curb • last Meters on copper (Ethernet) or wireless (802.11) • 100 Mbps to each user possible • is being used today by almost all operators • BSNL, MTNL, Reliance, Bharati, Tata-Tele, Shyam, HFCL Telecom India, Nov03 14

  15. FTTB FTTH But is Fibre Access affordable? • How deep can the Fiber go? • Key drivers • Cost of Fiber Termination • Line Terminating Electronics • Power Backups • Depends on • Customer Density and Affordability • For dense urban areas of India, Fibre to the building is the most cost effective solution • comparable to wireless provided one can get it 1 in 3 homes • but can one install fast enough? Telecom India, Nov03 15

  16. Terminals • PCs are too expensive for India’s homes • VIA PC and AMD has brought cost below Rs 15K • still too high beyond 7 to 10 million homes • Need new solutions: • Rs 10K devices to reach next 20 million homes • Rs 5K devices to reach next 50 million homes • Messaging terminals at Rs 1.5K for 50 million homes • may be handheld Telecom India, Nov03 16

  17. Can we get there? • Low bit-rate connection for messaging at Rs 100 per month • Mobile or corDECT immediate • 33.6 kbps (dedicated) Always On connection at Rs 250 per month • corDECT or 3G mobile immediate • 100 kbps (dedicated) Always On connection at Rs 500 per month • DIAS (incumbent) or 2.5G corDECT immediate • or DSL on new copper slow deployment • 2Mbps (dedicated) Always On connection at Rs 1000 per month • Fibre Access Network with Ethernet/ 802.11 or DSL on new copper slow deployment • or 802.16 (only about 500 kbps) early 05 Telecom India, Nov03 17

  18. To Sum Up • To enable India with Internet, we need • Indian traffic to stay in India: NIXI • Indian content and hosting/mirroring International sites • Education, Commerce and entertainment content needs push • Reduce International traffic percentage from 85% to 25% • Reduction of Backbone network cost in India by a fourth • Always On Access providing differential services at costs of Rs 100 to 1000 per month • 2 Mbps Broadband connection possible only by Fibre Access • growth will be slow till we find new technology solution • Terminals widely affordable in India Telecom India, Nov03 18

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