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Links between deprivation and the likelihood of being involved in the recent riots

Links between deprivation and the likelihood of being involved in the recent riots. Carly lightowlers University of manchester 23 rd November2011. Overview. Background to riots Rushing to punishment? What does the data tell us? Implications for CJ agencies Further issues and challenges.

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Links between deprivation and the likelihood of being involved in the recent riots

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  1. Links between deprivation and the likelihood of being involved in the recent riots Carlylightowlers University of manchester 23rd November2011 CarlyLightowlers1

  2. Overview Carly Lightowlers 2 Background to riots Rushing to punishment? What does the data tell us? Implications for CJ agencies Further issues and challenges

  3. Background • Shooting of Mark Duggan (4th Aug 2011) during Operation Trident (tackling gun crime) • Riots erupted after protest on 6th Aug (6-9th August) • Widespread disorder, arson and looting • Riots spread to other cities in England • incl. Manchester CarlyLightowlers3

  4. The riots in numbers Carly Lightowlers 4 As at midday on 12th September … • 1715 cases at magistrates courts • 21% aged between 10 and 17 • 63.4% remanded in custody • 10% of cases courts in 2010 • 43% custodial sentence (average 5.1 months) • 12.3% in 2010 (average 2.5 months) http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/statistics-and-data/ad-hoc/index.htm

  5. Manchester data Carly Lightowlers 5 • 197 people charged at Manchester City Magistrates court • in relation to the riots up to the 23rd August 2011 • 147 cases with Greater Manchester postcode • majority of Greater Manchester residents charged from activity in the riots • Linked postcodes of those charged to • Lower Super Output Areas • 2008 midyear population estimates • 2010 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) scores

  6. Manchester data Carly Lightowlers 6 • Some charged from all levels of deprivation • Proportion from more deprived areas was three times higher • A third were in the top 10% most deprived areas • Clear association between deprivation and likelihood of being involved • These patterns are replicated for both burglary and violent offences • and in criminal justice statistics more widely

  7. Implications - Police Carly Lightowlers 7 • Targeting resources and operational transparency • E.g. stop and search • Engagement with communities • Marginalised communities and powerless • Managing tension and unrest • Public confidence and government cuts

  8. Implications - Courts Carly Lightowlers 8 • Balancing sentencing, fairness and proportionality • Dispensation and summary justice • Ethical issues surrounding use of custodial remands as form of punishment • Issues of power and class • Role of exemplary sentences • Judicial system and politics • Proportionality and independence • Undermining justice and confidence therein

  9. Implications – Prison and Probation Carly Lightowlers 9 • Prison • Effectiveness of prison sentences for these offenders? • Over-crowding and capacity  Prison riots, violence, self-harm? • Implications for other prisoners e.g. relocation, disruption of training and education… • Probation • Capacity for pre-sentence reports and managing offenders

  10. Conclusions Carly Lightowlers 10 • Apparent rush to punishment on the back of public and political pressure • Widespread implications for all CJ agencies • Targeting of the powerless in society • Politics vs. independence of judicial system • Need to balance punishment and retribution with more restorative approaches and community sentencing

  11. Further issues and challenges • Rebuilding and strengthening communities • Crime, poverty and deprivation • Government cuts and policy • Crimes or poor vs. powerful • Hidden crime – insurance scams etc. • Social media and crime prevention • ‘Gangs’ Carly Lightowlers 12

  12. Thank you for listening CarlyLightowlers carly.lightowlers@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk CarlyLightowlers13

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