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The First March for Global Access to Treatment, Durban 2000

The First March for Global Access to Treatment, Durban 2000. The Durban Manifesto “AIDS has become a catastrophe that threatens the very future of this planet. Terribly high levels of HIV infection and death due to AIDS are now a reality (rather than merely

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The First March for Global Access to Treatment, Durban 2000

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  1. The First March for Global Access to Treatment, Durban 2000 The Durban Manifesto “AIDS has become a catastrophe that threatens the very future of this planet. Terribly high levels of HIV infection and death due to AIDS are now a reality (rather than merely a projection) in poor communities worldwide. More than half of all these infections occur among women. AIDS is causing widespread devastation in Africa and Asia especially. THIS WAS AVOIDABLE. It is the consequence of negligence.”

  2. The d4T story • 1966: compound synthesized under NCI grant in Michigan • 1986: Yale files for a patent on use against HIV • 1988: Yale issues BMS exclusive worldwide license • 1994: FDA approval • 1994 - 97: BMS takes out process patents • 1999: Yale earned about $40 million from d4T • 2002: BMS made $443 million from d4T

  3. MSF’s request; Yale’s response • Feb 14, 2001: MSF request to Yale: • Asking Yale if they “would consider the importation of generic versions of stavudine for use in providing treatment free of charge to people with HIV/AIDS unable to afford treatment an infringementof your intellectual property rights,” and if so, if Yale would “issue a voluntary license to allow the importation and use of generic stavudine in South Africa.” • Yale students organize (media, Dr. Prusoff, administration, GESO) • March 1: Yale says no: • Yale denies the request, indicating that they have granted an exclusive license to Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), and cannot legally respond to MSF’s request without BMS’s permission • March 11, 2001: New York Times: “Yale Pressed to Help Cut Drug Costs in Africa”

  4. Concessions and the Result • March 14, 2001:“EMERGENCY PATENT RELIEF” and price cuts (15 cents per day for d4T and 85 cents per day for ddI) throughout Africa • June 2001: BMS gives permission to Aspen Pharmacare to make generic version • August 2003: Aspen registers generic d4T in South Africa, at up to 40% less than BMS discounted price.

  5. What generics do…

  6. Worldwide Pharmaceutical Market 2002 80% of worldwide market is in the United States, Europe, and Japan PhRMA data: 5-7% of market in low and middle income countries The “10/90 gap” (only ten percent of the world’s expenditure on R&D is devoted to conditions that cause ninety percent of the global disease burden)

  7. Why Create UAEM? • While academic R&D is a small proportion of total U.S. R&D, academic basic research comprises roughly 40-50 percent of total U.S. basic research. • Nearly 60 percent of academic R&D is funded by the federal government. Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators, 2002.

  8. Universities Have Become Aggressive in Claiming IP Rights Membership in the Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) Source: Bremer, 2001 speech (http://www.autm.net) - data from AUTM Licensing Survey

  9. …and make significant royalties from licensing Royalties to Universities/Hospitals in Millions of Dollars Source: Bremer, 2001 speech (http://www.autm.net) - data from AUTM Licensing Survey

  10. all the wisdom i have think structurally; “goodwill” is overrated Joseph Jeune, 2003

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