Government 9 Week Studyguide

1. Government9 Week Studyguide This is only a guide. Review the power points online and the answers for the study guide which will be posted later today!

2. Define Politics

3. Define Government

4. Political Participation • Identify 3 ways that people participate in politics. • What is the most common form of political participation?

5. Identify 3 reasons governments are created.

6. Fundamental Characteristics of Nations • Population: each nation contains people • Territory: A nation must have land on which its people can live and in which other natins recognize its boundaries • Government: Every nation must have some form of political organization through which public policies are made and enforced. • Sovereignty: The right power and authority to govern oneself.

7. U.S. Sovereignty With what key document did the U.S. claim sovereignty from Great Britain?

8. Origins of Government • Theories on Government • Evolution • Force • Social Contract

9. Identify the Theory of Government Families joined into clans and eventually into larger units called tribes. Usually elders led the tribes and made decisions resolving conflicts between members.

10. Identify the Theory of Government We voluntarily agreed to a government and gave it enough power to protect the rights of individuals.

11. Identify the Theory of Government The dictator set out to conquer all of the territory of Europe and to have all of the people of that territory give in to his will.

12. Different Governments • Monarchy • Dictatorship • Democracy • Direct Democracy • Representative Democracy or Republic

13. Which Type of Government? Hitler’s government in Germany.

14. Which Type of Government? We hold free elections and the people vote

15. Which Type of Government? Saddam Hussein’s government in Iraq

16. Which Type of Government? In Greece every citizen participated in the governing assembly and voted on major issues

17. Which Type of Government? Russia under Stalin

18. Which Type of Government? Tsar Nicholas I

19. Which Type of Government? King George III during the American Revolution

20. Which Type of Government? Catherine the Great of Russia

21. Which Type of Government? Mussolini during WWII

22. Which Type of Government? People vote for representatives since there are too many people for everyone to vote on most issues.

23. Philosophers • John Locke • Thomas Hobbes • Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Montesquieu

24. State of Nature No governments exist. What will probably eventually happen with people living in this state of nature? Harmony or Chaos?

25. State of Nature Whose interests would people most likely protect in a state of nature? Individual or All People’s Interests?

26. State of Nature Whose rights would likely be trampled on in a state of nature?

27. Which Philosopher? Government should be divided into separate branches and each one should have it’s own duties and ability to check on the power of the other branches.

28. Which Philosopher? I believed that before governments existed, people lived in a state of nature. I also believed that people had natural rights.

29. Which Philosopher? I also believed in a state of nature before governments, but believed that there were no natural rights. Rights could only be won through force.

30. Which Philosopher? I strongly believed in the concept of natural rights. Identify the natural rights that I believed everyone was entitled to.

31. Which Philosopher? I also believed in a state of nature and freedom, but that many people came under the control of unjust rulers. “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is found in chains” I argued that people alone had the right to determine how they should be governed. Since in a state of nature people were born free, it is the main duty of government to maintain as much freedom as possible for the people.

32. Which Philosopher? I argued that people voluntarily agreed to create powerful governments to gain security and safety and gave up their freedom in a state of nature, so people owe complete loyalty to the government that protected them and a ruler with absolute authority would end conflicts waged in a natural state. Only then would people enjoy their natural rights.

33. Early Government The king of England gave the Virginia Company a charter, written grant of authority, to start a colony in America. Once Jamestown was established, representative assemblies or lawmaking bodies, were established. This became a typical form of government in the colonies.

34. Influential Key Documents • Magna Carta • Mayflower Compact • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Common Sense • Declaration of Independence • Articles of Confederation

35. Which Document? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

36. Which Document? We set up what many consider to be the first written constitution in our colony. It spelled out the set-up, duties, and powers of government.

37. Which Document? We decided that it was time to limit the power of the king and have him sign an agreement in which he agreed to follow the laws passed by Parliament. Ideas like trial by jury and the king having to get approval for taxing the people was included. It established the principle of limited government.

38. Which Document? “When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires tht they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.”

39. Which Document? This was the government set-up during the Revolutionary war. It helped give America credibility and helped gain foreign aid and support for the cause.

40. Which Document? Sailing outside of the agreed upon charter, the male members agreed to laws for “our better ordering and preservation” and agreed to follow the approved laws for the “general good of the colony.” (Hint: Thanksgiving) This is a social contract, like the one Locke spoke about.

41. Which Document? “He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly” “He has Kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies, without the consent of our legislatures.” “For quartering large bodies of troops among us” “For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world” “For imposing Taxes without our Consent”

42. Which Document? • My name is Thomas Paine and I wrote a pamphlet to detail why the colonies must become independent of England’s rule over us. It was very influential leading up to the American Revolution and helped gain supporters for the cause of independence.

43. Which Document? There proved to be too many problems with our government. We couldn’t handle problems, protect our citizens, regulate commerce between states, directly tax the people to raise money to operate or pay debts, enforce laws, 9 of 13 states had to agree to pass any law, 13 of 13 to pass an amendment, and there was no executive branch or national judicial system. The national government was too weak, while the power lay mainly in the hands of the states.

44. Which Document? Although there were many weaknesses under this document, there were also two main accomplishments. Land Ordinance of 1785: Set up how the Northwest Territory would be divided and sold Northwest Ordinance of 1787: Set up how the territory would be governed and the steps to statehood, becoming the model for futur.e states and orderly growth

45. Plans & Compromises • Virginia Plan • New Jersey Plan • Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) • Three Fifths Compromise • Slave Trade

46. Which Plan or Compromise? • Decided that slaves would be counted as 3/5 or a person for the purposes of taxation and representation.

47. Which Plan or Compromise? • Favored small states, with each state being represented equally with one vote, an executive with more than one person elected by congress and a national supreme court appointed by the executive

48. Which Plan or Compromise? • Agreed that the slave trade could end or be restricted in 20 years, but not until after 1808

49. Which Plan or Compromise? • Favored larger states with representation being determined by population, bicameral legislative, an executive elected by the legislature, a national court system created by the legislature

50. Which Plan or Compromise? • Had a bicameral legislature, with one house being determined by population and the other house would have equal representation regardless of size. There would be an executive and judicial branch. Each branch would have the power to watch over the other branches to prevent the abuse of power.