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Community-based Disaster Management

Community-based Disaster Management. Session 2 World Bank Institute Krishna S. Vatsa. 1. 1. 1. A Social View of Disasters. A disaster is an interaction between a hazard event and a vulnerable human group

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Community-based Disaster Management

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  1. Community-based Disaster Management Session 2World Bank InstituteKrishna S. Vatsa Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 1 1 1

  2. A Social View of Disasters • A disaster is an interaction between a hazard event and a vulnerable human group • Hazard (nature, severity and frequency) is a trigger event; vulnerability explains the impact of a hazard event on people • Since 1970s, a disaster is explained more in terms of vulnerability (socio-economic processes) rather than a hazard event • Such a view established social causality of disasters replacing an engineering / technical approach Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  3. Understanding Vulnerability • Refers to negative outcomes of major ecological or economic shocks on the well-being of households or communities • Vulnerability is measured against a minimum level of welfare • Vulnerability has two sides: external and internal • External side refers to natural hazard and its characteristics (severity, frequency) • Internal side refers to resilience: the community’s capacity to resist and recover from the adverse impact of a disaster • Vulnerability embodies both the risk and capacity of households to respond to shocks Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  4. Reducing Vulnerability • Vulnerability refers to characteristics of individuals and group: income, class, race, caste, gender, age • Low-income groups, women, elderly, racial / ethnic minorities, and certain rural and urban segments more vulnerable than others • Even non-poor are vulnerable; as a result of shock they can be pushed into poverty • Vulnerability is reduced by access to resources and asset-building: financial and non-financial assets • Requires strategies and interventions which focuses on reducing vulnerability at community- and household-level Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  5. Community-based Approach to Disaster Management • Requires social consciousness and organization for disaster risk reduction • Aimed at reducing socio-economic vulnerability rather than engineering approaches to mitigation • Adopts Inter-sectoral / inter-disciplinary approach • Applies local knowledge, skills, and capacities • Seeks community as active participants and decision-makers • Addresses different stages of disaster cycle: prevention, preparedness and mitigation, and response and recovery Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  6. Participatory Risk Assessment • Analyzing hazard: its nature, frequency, and probable impact • Assessing Vulnerability: Underlying socio-economic vulnerability, civic Infrastructure vulnerability, and identification of vulnerable groups • Assessing community’s capability / resources at the level of households, social organization, informal networks, etc. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  7. Community-managed Disaster Management System • Early Warning System for Communities: specific risk, appropriate medium, simple language and direct message • Community Response Plan: Roles and responsibilities, hazard-specific checklist, S & R functions, evacuation, transit shelter, and relief • Community-level Mitigation Programs: Structural andnon-structural measures • Connecting disaster risk reduction with development: Watershed management, livelihood, gender programs Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  8. Access to Resources forAsset-building • Financial Resources: credit, savings and insurance • Livelihood strategy: diversify income-generating activities, training, and public works programs • Social Protection: Food programs, subsidies • Housing: Public and private resources for housing, disaster-resistant construction • Community networks: social support for mitigation initiatives • Information-sharing: Sharing of knowledge and information on different aspects of disaster preparedness and mitigation Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  9. Programs / Instruments for Community-based Measures • Government’s Fiscal Support • Disaster Funds • Insurance • Microfinance • Social Funds • Public Works Program Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  10. Community Education in Disaster Management • Educate all the concerned agencies: NGOs, local institutions such as municipal and fire service, hospitals • Raise community awareness about local hazards, preparedness and response through simple messages • Provide information upon cheap and simple mitigation measures to communities • Select the medium and prepare content of message carefully: negative disaster images to be avoided, and family well-being to be promoted Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

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