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This chapter explores the age of imperialism, focusing on the methods used by modern industrial powers to control other countries. It discusses different types of control, including settlement colonies, dependent colonies, protectorates, and spheres of influence. The motives behind imperialism, such as economic, cultural, and religious reasons, are also examined.
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1870-1914 • Age of Imperialism • BUILDING AN EMPIRE • When a country controls another country’s govt./ trade / culture • STRENGTH of modern industrial powers
HOW IS IT DONE? • Merchants or explorers first • SOVEREIGNTY? • Then soldiers, then engineers/ builders/ miners • Developed the country but only for their gain • FR/GB/GER
TYPES OF CONTROL • Settlement colony- large groups emigrate from mother country to colony (AUS) • Dependent colony- A few officials are sent over to rule (INDIA)
Types of control • Protectorate- Local ruler keeps his title but Europeans controlled the area • Spheres of influence- An area in which one nation has a special interest (others agree to respect that interest)
National rivals • Status symbol • Place to get troops as well • Coaling stations- islands (Steamships ) • Bitter rivalries developed • Hatred for colonizers
Economic Motives • Raw materials (coal, iron ore, copper, rubber, etc.) • New markets to sell goods • Did not want others goods in their nation though • Jobs for their people
Economic Motives • Change people’s habits- shirt & tie??? • Wanted to create monopolies in dependent countries/protective tariffs at home • European pop. doubled by 1900 – led to mass migration to colonies
Cultural Motives • “White Man’s Burden” – British poet in favor of imperialism • Impose their culture on others (“half-devil & half-child”) • We’re really helping them!
Religious Motives • Missionaries- Spread Christianity • Create schools and hospitals • Helped teach hygiene, sanitation, reading, writing, etc. • Goal was to convert others