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Molecular Basis Of Cancer

Molecular Basis Of Cancer. Non-lethal genetic damage lies at the heart of carcinogenesis Genetic hypothesis of cancer implies that a tumor mass result from the clonal expansion of a single progenitor cell that incurred the genetic damage. Types of Normal Cellular Genes.

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Molecular Basis Of Cancer

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  1. Molecular Basis Of Cancer • Non-lethal genetic damage lies at the heart of carcinogenesis • Genetic hypothesis of cancer implies that a tumor mass result from the clonal expansion of a single progenitor cell that incurred the genetic damage

  2. Types of Normal Cellular Genes 3 Normal regulatory genes; - Growth promoting protooncogene -Growth inhibiting tumor suppressor gene -Gene regulate apoptosis 4th-- DNA repair gene

  3. Normal cell growth • Any external stimuli leads to stimulation of growth by growth stimulating gene called Proto-oncogene • This should be stopped by gene which will control the growth called Tumor suppressor gene • Any mutated gene will be either repaired by DNA repair gene or killed by gene called apoptosis gene

  4. Principles of Carcinogenesis • Neoplastic transformation is a progressive process involving multiple “hits” or genetic changes. • Alterations in DNA cause changes in one or more of the following types of genes: • Proto- oncogenes • Tumor suppressor genes • Genes regulate apoptosis • DNA repair genes

  5. Tumor Development and Growth • Transformation • Growth of transformed cells • Invasion of tumor cells into the surrounding tissues • Metastasis of tumor cells to distant sites

  6. Hallmarks of Cancer Six fundamental changes of cell Physiology • Self sufficiency in growth factors • Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals • Evasion of apoptosis • Limitless replicative potential • Sustained angiogenesis • Ability to invade and metastasize

  7. 30% OF ALL TUMORS

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