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Infections of the pig

Infections of the pig. Viral infections of the respiratory tract. PRRS Cirkovirus (PCV2) Aujeszky disease - Pseudorabies Inclusion rhinitis Swine influenza. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory disease syndrome virus. PRRS. Affinitou to respiratory ang genital system

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Infections of the pig

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  1. Infectionsofthepig

  2. Viralinfectionsoftherespiratorytract • PRRS • Cirkovirus (PCV2) • Aujeszkydisease - Pseudorabies • Inclusion rhinitis • Swine influenza

  3. PorcineReproductiveandRespiratorydisease syndrome virus PRRS • Affinitou to respiratoryanggenitalsystem • Antigennic variability, europeanandamericangenotypes • Strainsdiffer in virulence

  4. Pathogenesis PRRS • Infection by inhalation–aerosol • Alveolarmacrophage are targetcellsforprimaryreplication • Respiratorysigns are apparent in pigletsolderthan 3 weeks • Antibodiescanenhance virus infection

  5. Pathologicalchanges PRRS • Periocullaroedema, conjunctivitis, bluecolorationofeyes, vulva andsnout • Interstitialpneumonia, lossofcilliarepithelialcells

  6. PorcineCircovirus 2 PCV-2 • PMWS(Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome)

  7. Clinicalsigns PCV-2 Affectedagecategory 5 – 12 weeks • Respiratorysigns • Growthretardation • Enlargementoflymphnodes • Anemia, icterus • Fever

  8. PMWS(PostweaningMultisystemicWasting Syndrome) PDNS(Porcine Dermatitis andNephropathy Syndrome)

  9. PPV PRRS PCV-2 Stress Virus genotype? Immunostimulation Pathogenesisisstillunclear !! Immunosupression PMWS PCV-2 + immunomodulation = PMWS

  10. Immunosupression in PCV2 infection • Lymphoiddepletion • Lossoflymphaticfollicles • Atrophyoflymphaticorgans • Lossofcirculating B and T lymphocytes • Secondaryinfection • Doesn´t produceantibodies • Doesn´t respond to vaccination

  11. PRDC – PCV2 • Porcinerespiratorydiseasecomplex syndrome • Multiethiological • Agecategory 16 or more weeks • Virus is in thelungtissue, no PA changes in lymphonodes

  12. Swine influenza • Acute, febriledisease • Cough, fever, ocullarandnasaldischarge • Veryshortincubation period • Colostralantibodiesdoesn´t protectagainsdisease

  13. Aujeszkydisease- Pseudorabies • Pigistheprimary host andthereservoiorforthe virus • Respiratorytransmission • Incubation period 2-3 days • Primaryreplication in oropharynx • Latency in g. trigeminale

  14. Aujeszkydisease- Pseudorabies • Fever, anorexia, vomiting, ataxia, respiratorysigns • Pneumonia • Necrotizing tonsilitis • Keratoconjunktivitis

  15. Bacterial infections in the respiratory system

  16. The upper respiratory tract I. • Non progresive rhinitis atrophicans (bordetelosis) • Bordetella bronchiseptica • progresive rhinitis atrophicans (toxinogennic pasteurellosis) • Pasteurella multocida • (dermonecrotoxin- positive strains)

  17. The lower respiratory tract II. - pneumonia • enzootic pneumonia • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae • M.hyorhinis • (acute pasteurellosis) • P. multocida type A, D,. • Bordetella bronchiseptica • (piglets older than 3 or 4 days) • Arcanobacterium pyogenes • Streptococcus suis (serovars 2,1, 7)

  18. The lower respiratory tract III. • Pleuropneumonia (peracute or acute) • A.pleuropneumoniae (serovars 7,9,11) • chronic pleuropneumonia • A.pleuropneumoniae (serovar 2) • Pleuritis • Haemophilus parasuis

  19. Viraldiseasesoftheurogenitalsystem • PorcineParvovirus • PRRS • Pseudorabies • PorcineCircovirus 2 • La piedad virus

  20. PRRS • Abortions, prematuredelivery, weakpiglets, agalactia • Latepregnancy • Virus isdisseminated by infectedmacrophages • Placenta is not permeabiletillthe ½ ofthepregnancy • No macroscopicchanges on abortedpiglets

  21. Pathogenesis PCV-2 • Incubation period 7 – 10 days • Maximal virus shedding 3. – 13. daysp.i. • Lengthofshedding 10 – 35 days, urine, feces, semen, nasalsecretions

  22. Circovirusdiseases • Virus ispresent in the semen ofboars • Transplacentalinfection • Abortions • Mumification • Deadpiglets

  23. Piglets PMWS PDNS PRDC Secondaryinfection Sows Reproductivesigns Piglets Pneumonia PRDC Secondaryinfection Sows Reproductivesigns Boars Affectedagecategories PCV-2 PRRS

  24. Respiratoryroute Contact Orofecaltransmission Transplacentalinfection Shedding in the semen Respiratoryroute Contact Transplacentalinfection Shedding in the semen Virus shedding PCV-2 PRRS

  25. Virus quantification Detectionofantobodies - sensless Virus detection (RT-PCR) Detectionofantibodies Diagnostics PCV-2 PRRS

  26. PorcineParvovirus • Enzootic • Infection by oronasalroute, shedding in feces last foratleast 14 days • Viremia – transplacentalinfection • abortions, mumification • Onlyonepigletsfromthelittercanbeaffected • Infection in adultanimals in inapparent

  27. Aujeszkyhodisease - Pseudorabies • Abortions in sows, stillbirthormumification • Infectionisfollowed by infections in 10 days • Periorchitis in boars

  28. Porcine Enterovirus • SMEDI syndrome

  29. THE URINARY SYSTEM • cystitis • E.coli • cyto-pyelonephritis • Actinobaculum suis • E.coli

  30. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • abortions • Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae • Haemophilus parasuis • endometritis/metritis • co-infection with G- bacteria • E.coli, Pasteurella spp.,

  31. Viralinfectionsofenterictract • Transmissible gastroenteritis virus • SwineRotavirus • Classicalswinefever virus • Vesicularstomatitis virus

  32. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus • Enzooticdisease • Coronaviruswithtropism to matureenterocytes • Oral infection • Suddenonset, incubation period 2-3 days • Malabsorption syndrome, watery diarrhoea • High mortality (2-3 daysp.i.) decreasewithage (till 14 days - almost 100%)

  33. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus • Systemicantibodiesdoesn´t protect • Lactogennicimmunity (IgA) isnecessary

  34. PorcineRotavirus • Ubikvitous virus • Host specificity, crossreactivity • Critical period: • 1 – 3 weeks • 2-7 days post weaning • White, yellowwatery diarrhoea • Pathogenesisissimilar to TGE

  35. Bacterial infections in THE ALIMENTARY TRACT

  36. THE ALIMENTARY TRACT I. • necrotic stomatitis • Fusobacterium necroforum, • Staphylococcus aureus • gastritis • Helicobacter suis ??

  37. THE ALIMENTARY TRACT II. • Enteritis /enterotoxicosis/enterotoxemia/ • colibacillosis: • neonatal diarrhoea, E.coli : F4, F5, F6, ST, LT positive • E.coli (ETEC,ETEEC) postweaning diarrhoea: E. coli F18, F4 • Oedema diseases, E. coli : VT positive (VTEC) isolates • necrotic enteritis in piglets C. perfringens type A , cpb2+ • Haemorrhagic enetritis • C. perfringens typ C • Salmonella Typhimurium • Salmonella Choleraesuis

  38. THE ALIMENTARY TARCT III. • Bacillus cereus, enterotoxines positive strains (ET+). • proliferative enteropathy ("ileitis") • Lawsonia intracellularis • swine dysentery • Brachyspira hyodysenteriae • colonic spirochaetosis • Brachyspira pilosicoli • polyserositis and peritonitis • H.parasuis • M.hyopneumoniae

  39. Viralinfectionsof CNS • Pseudorabies • Porcine Enterovirus (Teschovirus) • Nipah virus

  40. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • meningo-encephalitis • Streptococcus suis type 2 • Haemophilus parasuis • Salmonella Choleraesuis • Listeria monocytogenes

  41. PorcineTeschovirus • Picornavirus • Polioencephalomyelitis, frequentinapparentinfections • Highlyvirulenstrains are causing (serotype 1) Teschendiseasewithhigh mortality • Replication in the gut andmononuclearcellsof Lamina propria, hematogenousspread to CNS • Fever, ataxia, convulsions, paralysis

  42. Pseudorabies • In pigletsonly • Depression, ataxia, tremor, convulsion, pruritus • Nonpurulentmeningoencephalitisandganglioneuritis

  43. THE BLOOD • SEPTICEMIA • Salmonella Choleraesuis • E.rhusiopathiae • Streptococcus suis type 1,2 • S. equi subsp. equisimilis, S. porcinus • Actinobacillus suis, • A.pleuropneumoniae, • H.parasuis • E.coli • endocarditis • Streptococcus suis , • A.pleuropneumoniae • E.rhusiopathiae

  44. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM • artritis-polyartritis • Streptococcus suis, type 1 • S.dysgalactiae, • H.parasuis • Mycoplasma hyosinoviae, • M.hyorhinis • Actinobacillus suis • Arcanobacterium pyogenes, E.rhusiopathiae

  45. Virus infectionsofthe skin • PorcineCircovirus 2 • Porcinepoxvirus • Footandmouthdisease virus • Vesicularexanthema virus • PorcineVesiculardisease

  46. THE SKIN • Exudative epidermitis • Staphylococcus hyicus • Pustular dermatitis • Staphylococcus aureus • Erysipelas • E. rhusiopathiae • absceses • Actinomyces pyogenes, • S.porcinus, F.necroforum

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