高二寒假面授班 (2)

高二寒假面授班 (2) ---北京四中方芳

Teaching contents: I. Background introduction--- Food II. Grammar--- 扩大词汇量 • Mini-test • Reading--- Eating in America

I. Background introduction--- Food Ways of cooking 煮 boil，炸fry，烤grill, 烧烤roast,在炉火中烤 bake Words to describe food 酸acid/sour; 甜sweet; 苦bitter; 辣spicy/hot; 咸salty;多汁的juicy; 鲜的fresh; 嫩的render; 多脂的fatty; 易肥的fattening, 味浓的, 油腻的rich; 样子受欢迎的appealing;开胃的 appetizing; 好吃的 delicious; 可口的flavored, tasteful, tasty, yummy 没味的tasteless Eat in the restaurant 三道菜：three courses 头道菜：a starter 主菜：a main course 甜食：dessert 开胃酒：aperitif 账单：bill 小费：tip 预定：book/reserve a table

pasta slice loaf of bread butter peanut butter nuts cereal cheese pancake biscuits muffin rolls omelette drum stick sausage pork fried eggs steak carton of eggs bacon scrambled eggs ham hard boiled aggs

What is a typical American breakfast? • coffee (咖啡) • cereal (谷类食品) • pancake (薄煎饼) • sausage(香肠) • bacon (培根) • omelet (煎蛋卷) • scrambled eggs (炒蛋) • hash browns (土豆煎饼) • bagel (硬面包圈)

Table Manners for a Typical Evening Meal 1. Wait for others to start eating. Many homes will pray first. 2. Family style meal - food is passed to the right. 3. Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate. 4. Do not spit anything out. 5. Do not talk with food in your mouth! 6. Burping - don't!! It is considered rude. 7. Do not reach across the table or in front of someone to get something - that is rude. Ask them to pass it to you. 8. Watch how fast others are eating. Try not to be too slow or too fast - keep up with their pace. 9. Do not touch your nose, hair or teeth at the table. 10. Toothpicks - are not usually on the table in a home. After the meal, go to the bathroom and clean your teeth if you need to.

II. Grammar--- 扩大词汇量 1、词汇的力量如果你的词汇量比其他同学大，你就会: -听懂讲英语人的话； -毫不费力地和老外交流; -读英文文章可以一目十行; -写作的语言更加地道，描述更为准确。

2、多少词汇才够用？ 英语国家的人掌握多少词汇？ • 小学生：4000--- 5000词， • 大学生：20,000词。 • 当然也根据个体差异而不同。非英语国家的人呢？日常交流：500-800 初中生：1,500高中生：3,000-3,300 大学四级：4,600大学六级：6,000 雅思/托福：10,000 GRE：30,000

3、高考对英语词汇的要求 *利用语境猜测生词含义 *利用构词法知识猜测合成词和派生词含义 *猜测熟词新含义 *猜测词性变换新词含义  *了解反映现代生活和科技知识的专业词语 

4、怎样记单词？ a.读音规则记忆法 b.联想记忆法 c.循环记忆法 d.归类记忆法：同样题材，同义词，反义词，近义词 e.构词记忆法:派生，合成，转化

player exciting score win sports tired Olympics football strong team

v. pick, run, jump, talk, fly, rush, bathe… adj. happy, astonished, pleased, angry, excited… n. kitchen, cafeteria, bedroom， sitting-room

英语主要有三种构词法： 转化: 即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如： water(n.)水--water（v.）浇水派生:即演过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。例如：happy--unhappy（加前缀） happiness（加后缀）合成:即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：pea(豌豆)＋nuts（坚果）-- peanut（花生）

5、英语构词法 常见否定意义的前缀 • dis-:disagree, disclose揭开 • il-: illegal, illogical不合逻辑的 • im-:impossible, impolite • in-: informal,incorrect • ir-: irregular 不规则 • non-: non-smoker,non-existence • un: unfair,uncover • mis-: misunderstand, misjudge • anti-: anti-war

表示其他意义的前缀 • pre-: 在……之前 preview • ex-: 前 ex-wife • fore-: 前，预先 forecast • inter-: 在…… 之间 international • mid-: 在……中间 mid-term • over-:过于 over-joy • post-: 在……之后 post-war • re-: 再,重新 rewrite • sub-:下面的 submarine • tele-:远程的 telephone

常见的名词后缀 1. 具有某种职业或动作的人 -an, -ain: American, historian -ant,-ent: servant, student,-ee: employee, examinee-eer: engineer, volunteer-er: banker, observer-ese: Japanese, Cantonese-ist: pianist, communist

2. 具有抽象名词的含义 -age,表示“状态,总称”courage, storage, marriage-ance, -ence表示“性质,过程”importance-bility, 表示"动作,状态" possibility-dom,表示"等级，领域" freedom, kingdom -hood, 表示"资格，身份, 状态" childhood, manhood-ing, 表示"过程" writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition 表示"过程，结果，状况" action, solution

常见的形容词后缀 -able/ -ible可……的, 能……的 acceptable, visible -ai/ -ail属于……的, 具有……特点的 personal, industrial -ed具有……特点的: skilled 有技能的 -ful充满……的: careful 仔细的,handful -ish有……属性的: childish -ive有……倾向的: effective -less没有……的: careless -ly具有……特性的: brotherly -ous具有……性质的, 充满……: dangerous -y像……的, 充满……的: sandy 沙质的

常见的副词后缀 -ly在…… 状态中，...地: highly, deeply,newly -ward(s)朝……方向或地方:upward(s) 朝上 -s 表时间；地点；状态：outdoors 常见的动词后缀 -en, -ify, -ize 使……, 变得 shorten 截短, beautify 美化,modernize 现代化

复合名词： n.＋n./a./adv.prep. A:alarm clock, credit card, traffic lights, first aid B: T-shirt, grown-up, brother-in-law C: sunglasses, toothpaste, hairdryer, D: parking meter, waiting room，sitting room

注意事项： 复合名词写出来常常是两个词,但有时用连字符,或写成一个词，但无规律可循。 post/ticket/box office; traffic lights/jam; brother/sister/father/mother-in-law; dining/sitting/waiting room 提示：复合词词根有时意义不一样例如：box office买戏票，ticket office买火车票

复合形容词 1.许多复合形容词用来描述人的外表性格状况。 well-known, good-looking, easy-going, short-sleeved 2. well 和badly a well-written story, a badly-paid job 3. 常见复合词 full/part-time, right-handed, first-class, second-hand, ten-year-old, five-pound

III. Mini-test Guess the meaning of the underlined words 1.Many countries import most of the oil they use. 2.He studied biophysics at college. 3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others. 4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train. 5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar.

Guess the meaning of the underlined words 1.Many countries import most of the oil they use. 2.He studied biophysics at college. 3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others. 4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train. 5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar. 进口生命物理合作运输明星

Match the prefix or suffix with the meaning. carry see below life together/with more than usual far across writing trans- -graph tele- super- co- vis- bio- sub- -port-

1. Today’s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy 2. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the ________ news about Iraq War? A. lately B. latest C. later D. latter 3. The ______ ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A. judger B. judgment C. judge D. judgement 4.We may be able to _______ you in some way if you can not finish your work on time. A. resist B. insist C. assist D. disease 5. He ___ very quickly after his illness.A. recovered B. discovered C. uncovered D. covered

IV. Reading--- Eating in America It is not uncommon for people to have some reservations about American food and American lifestyle in particular. Quite a few visitors who have been to average fast-food places that are regarded as American (the inevitable example here is McDonald’s), believe they cannot expect any more. This kind of food looks the same, has the same flavor, and although it might be of a certain quality, you can simply taste that it is just a commercial product with no other ambition than to inexpensively feed its customers. Additionally, America does not increase its food reputation when it mostly provides tourists with the same meals they already know. Of course, everything depends on convenience. Unless they go for something special outside major tourist areas, for instance Mexican, Chinese cuisine, a barbecue, or seafood, the food provided seems almost identical to each other or even worse: it appears to be interchangeable. It is merely impossible to taste whether you are on the Atlantic Coast or in the Midwest.

That’s all for today, and see you next time!

P27 BBCCA

高二寒假面授班 (2)

高二寒假面授班 (2)

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