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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures. Chapter 4 Material on Midterm. Mystery Mixture. What colors make up black ink?. Section 1: Elements. Objectives Describe pure substances Describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples Explain how elements can be identified

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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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  1. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Chapter 4 Material on Midterm

  2. Mystery Mixture • What colors make up black ink?

  3. Section 1: Elements • Objectives • Describe pure substances • Describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples • Explain how elements can be identified • Classify elements according to their properties

  4. Section 1: Elements • The simplest substance? An element! • An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means • A pure substance is a substance in which there is only one type of particle • Called atoms

  5. Section 1: Elements • Properties of Elements • Identified by their characteristic properties • Do not depend on the amount of a substance • Boiling point • Melting point • Density • Reactivity • May need more than one property to identify

  6. Section 1: Elements

  7. Section 1: Elements • Classifying Elements by their Properties • Three main categories • Metals are elements that are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity • Nonmetals are elements that conduct heat and electricity poorly • Metalloids are elements that have both properties of metals and nonmetals

  8. Section 1: Elements

  9. Section 1: Elements • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet • Describe pure substances • Describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples • Explain how elements can be identified • Classify elements according to their properties

  10. Section 2: Compounds • Objectives • Explain how elements make up compounds • Describe the properties of compounds • Explain how a compound can be broken down into its elements • Give examples of common compounds

  11. Section 2: Compounds • What are compounds? • A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined • As a result of a reaction

  12. Section 2: Compounds

  13. Section 2: Compounds • The Ratio of Elements in a compound • A compound is a pure substance • The ratios in a compound are ALWAYS THE SAME • EX: Water is H2O • The water to oxygen mass has a ratio of 1:8 • Same in 1 drop to 100 gallons • Different ratio? NOT WATER!

  14. Section 2: Compounds • Properties of Compounds • Compounds have their own physical and chemical properties • EX: melting point, density, color • Physical or chemical? • EX: reactivity, flammability • Physical or chemical?

  15. Section 2: Compounds • Properties Compounds versus Elements • A compound will have different properties that the elements that make it up

  16. Section 2: Compounds • Breaking Down Compounds • Compounds can break down into • Smaller compounds • Elements • Must be done by a chemical change • Add heat energy • Add electric energy

  17. Section 2: Compounds • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet • Explain how elements make up compounds • Describe the properties of compounds • Explain how a compound can be broken down into its elements • Give examples of common compounds

  18. Section 3: Mixtures • Objectives • Describe three properties of mixtures • Describe methods of separating the parts of a mixture • Analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent • Describe factors that affect solubility for solids, liquids, and gases • Explain how concentration affects a solution • Describe the particles in a solution, suspension, and colloid • Explain the difference between colloids, solutions, and suspensions

  19. Section 3: Mixtures • What is a mixture? • A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined • No chemical reaction • No compound formed • Each substance keeps its original identity

  20. Section 3: Mixtures • Separating mixtures • Use physical means • Can take more than one step

  21. Section 3: Mixtures

  22. Section 3: Mixtures • The Ratio of Components in a Mixture • No fixed ratio—not always the same

  23. Section 3: Mixtures • Comparing Mixtures and Compounds

  24. Section 3: Mixtures • What is a solution • A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance • Cannot be filtered, cannot scatter light • Who is who? • The solute is the substance that is dissolved • The solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved

  25. Section 3: Mixtures Hide the LOOT in the VENT!

  26. Section 3: Mixtures • Solutions form when the solute dissolves in the solvent • If it does dissolve, its soluble • If it doesn’t dissolve, it is insoluble

  27. Section 3: Mixtures

  28. Section 3: Mixtures • Concentration of Solutions • The concentration is a measure of the amount of solute in a solvent • Units: g/mL • Lots of solute  concentrated • Little solute diluted

  29. Section 3: Mixtures • What is solubility? • The solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature

  30. Section 3: Mixtures • How does temperature affect solubility? • For liquid solvents • A higher temperature makes a gas less soluble • A higher temperature makes a solid more soluble • USUALLY • A higher temperature makes a liquid more soluble

  31. Section 3: Mixtures • To get solids to dissolve faster…

  32. Section 3: Mixtures • What is a suspension? • A suspension is a mixture in which particles are large enough to be dispersed, but they settle out over time • Can be filtered, can scatter light • What is a colloid? • A colloid is a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out • Cannot be filtered, can scatter light

  33. Section 3: Mixtures • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet • Describe three properties of mixtures • Describe methods of separating the parts of a mixture • Analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent • Describe factors that affect solubility for solids, liquids, and gases • Explain how concentration affects a solution • Describe the particles in a solution, suspension, and colloid • Explain the difference between colloids, solutions, and suspensions

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