HEMP CONCRETE

1. HEMP CONCRETE Insulation plant ERASMUS INTENSIVE PROGRAM 2010 PASSIVE HOUSE CONCEPT Multi-Disciplinary International Project in Passive Design & Construction Alexandre GACOIN

2. 1 Hemp concrete, why? • 1.1 Sustainable Development • 1.2 Importance of energy-efficient buildings for the environment • 2 Hemp concrete • 2.1 Hemp • 2.2 Lime • 3. The characteristics of hemp concrete (data TRADICAL®) • 3.1 Evolution of the mechanical characteristics • 3.2 Energy performance • 4. Implementation • 4.1 Wall insulation: Wood frame • 4.2 Dubbing interior insulation: mineral media • 4.3 Moisture Coating: Inside/Outside • 4.4 Insulation covering : Soil and floor • 4.5 Roof Insulation • Summary Alexandre GACOIN

3. intensive use of natural resources wealth Throughout the nineteenth century, the concept of economic growth was based on economic criteria. = • 1. Hemp concrete, why? • 1.1 Sustainable Development In the late twentieth, the developed countries realized that their wealth was based on intensive use of natural resources and that this mode would not last. humanity's accumulative ecological debt 1.5 1 In 1970, it is estimated that man consumed each year more natural resources than the nature would regenerate. Number of Earth 0.5 In the same year, the concept of sustainable development appeared and became a significant factor. 1961 1961 2009 Alexandre GACOIN

4. The concept of sustainable development was defined in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development: "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“ Sustainable development implies economic growth together with the protection of environmental quality. This form of development is a stable relationship between human activities and the natural world, which does not reduce the prospects for future generations to enjoy a life quality at least as good as our own. Economy Society Environment The three pillars of sustainable development Alexandre GACOIN

5. In the context of sustainable development, the construction, representing for 30% to 40% of global consumption of energy, plays a significant role. It is urgent to reduce the impact of buildings on the environment and to make buildings more energy-efficient: • 1.2 Importance of energy-efficient buildings Significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings and improve energy-efficiency Alexandre GACOIN

6. In the fight against global warming, you must develop new resources that have an ecological, social and economic interest . Among these new resources, materials derived from plants are increasingly used in the buildings due to their considerable strengths. Hemp Flax Jute Ramie Kenaf Bamboo The hemp concrete combines the hemp qualities and limequalities. Knowledge of these two products enables the implementation of hemp concrete and optimize its performance. Alexandre GACOIN

7. Hemp shives • 2. Hemp concrete Hemp Hemp concrete ! + Pure limestone Lime (slaked-lime) Alexandre GACOIN

8. Robust plant that can quickly produce large quantities of material • 2.1 Hemp • Its culture is very respectful for the environment • little or no pesticides • no fertilizers • little water ... Alexandre GACOIN

9. Hempcultivation In France Reims Alexandre GACOIN

10. In a cross section of hemp stalk, one notices that the thick-walled cells at the periphery:  they are fibers. They serve to keep the right plant for its growth, and are the backbone. When the hemp is mature, the dried fibers represent approximately 35% of the weight. • 2.1.1 Hemp fiber They are used for making paper pulp and for the manufacture of wool insulation. Alexandre GACOIN

11. The hemp shives are the central part of the hemp stalk. It’s the wood of the hemp stalk. It represents 45% of the weight of dried hemp. The hemp shives are in the form of aggregates. The hemp shives particles have a very low density and are very efficient in thermal and sound insulation. For building applications, the hemp shives are sifted and sorted to obtain the desired size. • 2.1.2 Hemp shives They are used for making mortars and light-weighted concrete insulation Alexandre GACOIN

12. The lime comes from cooking of the purest limestone up to 900 ° C . • It is a healthy material for natural buildings • Foundation • Mortar • Waterproofing • Masonry • 2.2 Lime • 2.2.1 Definition limestone Alexandre GACOIN

13. A limestone quarry extraction Water (H2O) evaporation when drying Extract Carbon dioxyde (C02) Water (H20) • Surface isexposed to Carbone dioxyde and uses (CO2) • CARBONATION • 2.2.2 The Limestone Life-Cycle blast furnace CALCINATION (Burn at 900°C) APPILCATION ADDING MINERALS SLAKING AGED Added Water (H2O) AddingSand and Water powder

14. 3. The characteristics of hemp concrete (data TRADICAL®) • 3.1 Evolution of the mechanical characteristics • 3.1.1 Durability • The new hemp concrete have a very good cohesion and very low density (<500kg/m3). • He had good results with freeze-thaw tests. °C 0 t • Hemp concrete made with pure hydraulic binders (NHL) does not resist more than 2 cycles. • The hemp concrete TRADICAL® resists 20 cycles. • (This result is comparable only to pure limestone!) Alexandre GACOIN

15. The tests on hemp concrete made with natural hydraulic lime NHL does not exceed the compressive strength, (0.46 MPa). • The hemp concrete Tradical® resists to 1.46 MPa. • 3.1.2 Compressive strength Alexandre GACOIN

16. Outside Inside heat U=0.38 W/m2.K • The thermal transmittance of a wall is rated “U”. • It characterizes the amount of heat passing through a wall, per unit time per unit area and unit temperature difference between the atmospheres located on both sides of the wall. • The heat transfer coefficient expressed in W / m² K is the inverse of thermal resistance (R) of the wall. If its value is low, the construction will be well insulated. • 26 cm concrete hemp Tradical ® provides a heat transfer coefficient U=0.38 W/m2.K, compatible with the existing thermal regulation RT 2005. • 3.2 Energy performance • 3.2.1 Hemp concrete and RT 2005 26 cm Hemp Concrete 220 kg/m3 Alexandre GACOIN

17. Compared to other common materials with similar thermal resistance, “embodied energy” requirements for the manufacture of 1m2 hemp concrete wall are low. • (“Embodied energy” is the sum of all the energy needed to produce, use and recycling materials for industrial products) Alexandre GACOIN

18. Outside Inside chaleur U=0.2 W/m2.K To be consistent with the thermal regulation in 2010, the building walls must have a heat transfer coefficient U of the order of 0.2 W/m2.K. By varying the composition of hemp concrete can reach these values without much increase of the wall thickness. • 3.2.2 Hemp concrete and RT 2010 5 cm 26 cm 5 cm Hemp Concrete • 110 kg/m3 220 kg/m3 Alexandre GACOIN

19. Like all plants, hemp uses carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air for growth. One hectare of hemp can use 15 tons of CO2 before its maturity. • 3.2.3 Hemp concrete = Negative Carbon 300 round trips between Paris and London by plane! The impact "Greenhouse Effect" of hemp concrete is -0.35 kg of CO2 while most materials emit CO2 0.50 kg or more ... Negative Carbon Hemp Walls are 7 times Stronger than Concrete Alexandre GACOIN

20. 4. Implementation • 4.1 Wall insulation: Wood frame Characteristics Air lime Hemp shives Alexandre GACOIN

21. 4.2 Dubbing interior insulation: mineral media From 5 to 20 cm Air lime Hemp shives Alexandre GACOIN

22. 4.3 Moisture Coating: Inside/Outside sand Air lime Hemp shives Alexandre GACOIN

23. Terracotta tile on hemp concrete floor Wooden floor on hemp concrete • 4.4 Insulation covering : Soil and floor Hemp floors on wooden boards Air lime Hemp shives Alexandre GACOIN

24. 4.5 Roof Insulation Air lime Hemp shives Alexandre GACOIN

25. Thanks for your attention Alexandre.gacoin@univ-reims.fr Alexandre GACOIN