GRAM POSITIVE NON-SPORE FORMING BACTERIA

1. GRAM POSITIVE NON-SPORE FORMING BACTERIA Prepared by: Miss NorzawaniJaffar & MrNorazliGhadin Bsc (Hons) Biomedical Sciences, UKM

2. Learning Outcome • Student could list the name of Gram +veNonspore forming bacteria • Student could classified the group of bacteria in the topic. • Student could discuss common identification characreristic of each genus. • Student could able to relate the bacteria with disease.

3. Gram Positive Bacteria • Gram-positive bacteria, stained purple, of both the bacillus (“rod-shaped”) and coccus (spherical) forms.  • Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. • This is in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, which cannot retain the crystal violet stain, instead taking up the counterstain (safranin or fuchsine) and appearing red or pink. • Gram-positive organisms are able to retain the crystal violet stain because of the high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. • Gram-positive cell walls typically lack the outer membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria.

4. GRAM POSITIVE NONSPORE-FORMING BACILLI (Genus) • Regular, aerobic. • Lactobacillus • Listeria • Erysipelothrix • Rhotia • Arcanobacterium • Irregular • Aerobe Corynebacterium • Anaerobic • Propionibacterium • Bifidobacterium • Eubacterium

5. Regular, aerobic • Lactobacillus sp. • Catalase negative, nonmotile, nitrate reducer, glucose fermenter. • Normal flora at vagina, intestinal tract and oral cavity • Use for commercial industry

6. Regular, aerobic • Listeria sp 6 species. • L. monocytogenescause Listeriosis (high fatality) • Suspected in immunocompromise patient • Noncapsulated, motile, catalase +ve, D-glucose fermenter, beta hemolitic, API LISTERIA®

8. Regular, aerobic Erysipelothrix • Erysipelothrichaceae (Verbarg et al., 2004), is Gram-positive but may appear Gram negative • Strains are nonencapsulated, nonsporulating, nonmotile, straight, or slightly curved, slender rods with rounded ends, some show a tendency to form long filaments. Organisms are arranged singly, in short chains, or in pairs in a “V” configuration or are grouped randomly. • optimal temperature 30–37°C, pH of 7.2–7.6 • a facultative anaerobe. Growth is improved by 5–10% carbon dioxide. Heating at 60 °C for 15 min is lethal.

9. Regular, aerobic • Erysipelothrixrhusiopathiae is able to grow in the presence of 0.2% phenol, 0.1% ,sodium azide, 0.001% crystal violet, 0.05% potassium tellurite, 0.02% thallous acetate, and 0.2% 2,3,5, triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride • catalase- negative and oxidase negative. • anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic with respiratory metabolism, and weakly fermentative. • Acid but no gas produced from glucose and other carbohydrate • Erysipelothrixrhusiopathiae : in a mild cutaneous form known as erysipeloid

11. Regular, aerobic Rhotia • Identification with combination morphological and biochemical tests used for staphylococci and micrococci • nonmotile and spherical, cluster arranged. • Copious capsule • Oxidase and benzidine tests are negative • The catalase reaction is negative in 50% • Resistant to lysostaphin

12. Regular, aerobic • Sugars is fermented anaerobically (acid but no gas) • Usual identification is combination of commercial identification systems, conventional biochemical tests and combined with adherence to agar surfaces, poor growth on Mueller-Hinton agar, and the presence of a capsule • Cause infection in patients with endocarditis, intravenous drug abuser, in patients with pre-existing valvular heart disease, and recurrent peritonitis during chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

15. Regular, aerobic Arcanobacterium • facultative anaerobic, • catalase negative, • rods (coccal shape old culture) occurs as the organism grows) with arrangements described as matchbox or Chinese letters arrangements. • Growth is enhanced in blood and by carbon dioxide. • Cause pharyingitis, sepsis and osteomyelitis • Sensitive to erythromycin(proposed as the first line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and cephalosporins.

17. irregular, aerobic Corynebacterium • catalase positive, • non-spore-forming, • non-motile, • rod-shaped bacteria that are straight or slightly curved. • Have metachromatic granules • size falls between 2-6 umX 0.5 um. • The bacteria group together "V", "palisades", or "Chinese letters". • They are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophs, with a 51–65% genomic G:C content. • They are pleomorphic through their life cycle

18. irregular, aerobic Cause diphtheria (C. diphtheriae). Occur in • unvaccinated individuals, • those in developing countries,elderly, • neutropenic or immunocompromised patients, and those with • prosthetic devices • infect wounds, the vulva, the conjunctiva, and the middle ear. • It can be spread within a hospital • Other pathogenic species in humans include: C. amicolatum, C. striatum, C. jeikeium, C. urealyticum, and C. xerosis

20. irregular, anaerobic Propionibacterium • P. acnes cause acne • slow growing, • Aerotolerant • can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, • Commensal (skin ,gastrointestinal tract ) • It lives primarily on, fatty acids • ability to generate propionic acid

22. irregular, anaerobic Bifidobacterium • non-motile, nonfilamentous, often branched,pleomorphic • occur singly or in many-celled chains or clumps. • Cells have no capsule • inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, vagina] and mouth (B. dentium). • Bifidobacteria aid in digestion allergies, prevent tumor growth[. probiotics. • G. vaginalis, which is Gram variable

23. irregular, anaerobic negative for the following: • indole, gelatin hydrolysis, catalase , and oxidase. • growth temperature is 35–39°C • from 42–67 mol%. • chemoorganotrophs (fermentative) • produce acid but no gas from a variety of carbohydrates.

24. irregular, anaerobic • Pathology • B. denticolensbacteria isolated from dental caries (and probably involved in caries pathology) • Gardnerellavaginalis that often assumes pathogenic character (such as in bacterial vaginosis and in urogenital tract infections of both sexes).

25. B.denticolens G. vaginalis

26. irregular, anaerobic Eubacterium • obligately anaerobic rods • that do not produce: • propionic acid as major acid • lactic acid alone • more acetic acid than lactic acid with and without formic acid • succinic acid (in the presence of carbon dioxide) and lactic acid with small amounts of acetic or formic acid

27. irregular, anaerobic

32. Q & A

33. Take note from http://norazlicucst.weebly.com MICROBIOLOGY II: TOPIC 2