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The 1950’s . Recap and Fast Forward. Korea, Communism, and Conformity. Levittown's and Suburbia Rock and Roll and Beatniks Conformist Rebellion and outright dissent Korean War 1950 – 1953 Creation of North and South Korea along the 38 th Parallel. McCarthyism 1950 – 1954
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The 1950’s Recap and Fast Forward
Korea, Communism, and Conformity • Levittown's and Suburbia • Rock and Roll and Beatniks • Conformist Rebellion and outright dissent • Korean War • 1950 – 1953 • Creation of North and South Korea along the 38th Parallel. • McCarthyism • 1950 – 1954 • Army – McCarthy Hearings • Rosenberg's
Communism to the Cold War • 1950 – H-bomb developed • 1,000 times more powerful then the atomic bomb • 1952 – test vaporized a island in the Pacific • Arms race • Americans build bomb-shelters, bomb drills, paranoia of radio-active fall out
I Like Ike • 1952 Presidential Election • Dwight D. Eisenhower - Hero of WWII • Plain spoken man who was a hero • Ran against Adlai Stevenson • Adlai was a Princeton lawyerwho spoke well and had a distinguished political career • A uniform trumps a lawyer…. • Richard Nixon becomes his VP • 1956 Election • Ike has a heart attack in 1955 – but makes full recovery • Doesn’t want Nixon to be his VP – tries to get rid of him… doesn’t work • This will be important later with Nixon’s paranoia • Runs against Stevenson again • Beats him….. Again • Soviet’s publically agree with one of Stevenson’s ideas…. Total career killer!
Space – the Final Frontier • The first in Space – • That’s right…. It’s the Russians • 1957 – Russians put Sputnik into orbit • America falling behind? • Eisenhower orders the establishment of NASA • 1958 – NASA spends satellite Explorer 1 into orbit • Congress approves National Defense Education Act • Millions of dollars invested in educational programs in science, mathematics, and foreign language • Increase in homework (giving it out had fallen out of practice!)
Brinkmanship • Yes – it’s a real word • “The ability to get to the verge without getting into war is the necessary art.”- Secretary of State John Foster Dulles • Iran – First covert action • 1951 – Operation Ajax • Arrested Mohammad Mosaddeq, who nationalized the oil fields • Replaced with pro-American Shah • Wonder why the Iranians hate Americans? • Guatemala • 1954 – CIA funds army to oust JacaboArbenz Guzman, who had nationalized the plantations. • It worksbut now the Latin Americans hate us
Eisenhower Doctrine • Egypt and the Suez • 1955 • America offers to help build a dam on the Nile • Egypt looks to USSR for aid too – US withdraws support • Egypt takes the Suez Canal (which linked the Mediterranean and the Red Sea • It’s a big deal to the oil trade! • Egypt refuses to let Israel use the Canal • So Israel invades Egypt • Great Britain and France join Isreal • The US helps to negotiate a cease fire through the UN • Military aid and troops to any Middle Eastern nation seeking aid from Communist aggression.