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Exponential technologies for reading & writing genomes

Exponential technologies for reading & writing genomes. 4-4:10 PM 18-Nov-2008 Clean Energy University Spin Out Panel. Thanks to:. Renewable Energy Resources: Human 15 TW. http://www.xprize.org/files/downloads/saul_griffith_presentation.pdf. Photovoltaics vs Photosynthesis.

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Exponential technologies for reading & writing genomes

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  1. Exponential technologies forreading & writing genomes 4-4:10 PM 18-Nov-2008 Clean Energy University Spin Out Panel Thanks to:

  2. Renewable Energy Resources: Human 15 TW http://www.xprize.org/files/downloads/saul_griffith_presentation.pdf

  3. Photovoltaics vs Photosynthesis Energy efficiency for photovoltaics at 10-40% and 11% for photosynthesis, but the first is peak performance and ignores storage, while the latter is calculated from grams of biofuel per hectare per year (including night & winter). Energy Density: Lithium ion Battery 0.7 kJ/g (Bio)Diesel fuel 43 kJ/g Atmospheric CO2 is adressed by few energy sources Total : 2E18 g 1% added by human activities 15% removed by photosynthesis yearly (algae 30X more efficient) Agricultural biomass: 3% of the total & 15% yearly change

  4. CO2 reduction “to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed .. CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm.” 9% = 2E17 g USA: 7E9 meters of highways* 3E6 g/m = 2E16 g James Hansen, et al. Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2: 217-231 (2008) CO2 maintenance:2% of arable land to replace all petro-fuel with algal (US 40K km2) vs farm animals 80%

  5. 3,000 100 50 90 organic 80 70 60 Distribution (% total) 50 10 1 40 aqueous 30 20 1 2 3 4 10 0 Extracellular Intracellular 3 months Localization Bio-petroleum from grasses or algae Immiscible Products Facilitate Purification • Separate from water without distillation • Decrease toxicity to producer strain • >2 million liters in 2009 Fatty acid derived Leverage current infrastructure & engines

  6. Algal, fungal pathways to triglycerides, alkanes, olefins, terpenes Botryococcus braunii decarbonylase Methylelcosene from Prasiola stipitata http://www.biofuelsdatabase.org/map/alkane-decarbonylation_map.shtml http://www.springerlink.com/content/p6451qx982638856/fulltext.pdf

  7. 2 million liter scale example: 2000-06 E.coli Klebsiella Yeast yqhD DAR1 1,3 propanediol dhaB1-3 GPP2 Glycerol-3-P Glycerol 3HPA - NADH coB12 - NADPH Dupont/Genencor: 1,3 Propanediol (7 years & $400M R&D) 135 g/l at 3.5 g/l/h, 51% yield (90% of theoretical) from glucose 27 changes to 4.6 Mbp E.coli ackA aldA aldB arcA crr edd gldA glpK mgsA pta ptsH ptsI yqhC Saccharomyces: DAR1 GPP2 Klebsiella: dhaB1,B2,B3,X; orfX,Y P1.5.gapA P1.6.ppc P1.6.btuR P1.6.yqhD Ptrc.galP Ptrc.glk (13 knock-outs, 8 insertions, 6 regulatory changes) http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6432686-description.html

  8. Improving process yield, health, safety: What threatens all biological systems? What do all viruses have in common? or lack?

  9. New genetic code: viral-resistance, novel amino acidsno functional GMO DNA exchange PEG-pAcPhe-hGH (Ambrx) high serum stability 314 TAG to TAA changes 4 Isaacs Charalel Church Sun Wang Carr Jacobson Kong Sterling 1 3 2

  10. DNA technology tracked Moore’s law (2X / 2 yr) until 2004-8 (10X / yr) $/bp 40X 98% genome $5K in 2008 ($50 for 1%?)

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