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LECTURE № 1. Pregnancy development and changes occurred in women organism during it. Dr. Nagayeva S. INTRODUCTION . The lectures are intended for pregnant women. Each pregnant woman dreams of painless delivery and a birth of healthy child.
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LECTURE № 1 Pregnancy development and changes occurred in women organism during it. Dr. Nagayeva S.
INTRODUCTION • The lectures are intended for pregnant women. Each pregnant woman dreams of painless delivery and a birth of healthy child. • The lectures are a big step to execution of a given dream. During psycho prophylactic preparations at future mom the conscious attitude to pregnancy and sorts will be developed, feeling of motherhood will become stronger, there will be skills of body management , self-checking during labor, luggage of knowledge that are necessary to care of and dialogue with the baby.
PREGNANCY AND CHANGES , OCCURING IN THE ORGANISM OF PREGNANT WOMAN • Pregnancy is a physiological process in a female organism connected with development of the impregnated female sexual cell - ovule. Pregnancy proceeds 280 days.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GERM • The ovule , impregnated by spermatozoon, moving ahead in the uterine tube , turns to a multicellular germ and , having got in a uterus, it is attached by the fibers to its mucous membrane…
DEVELOPMENT OF A GERM • On a place of an attachment of a germ ,its fibers expand and the children's place or a placenta is forming of them. Placenta incorporates to a fetus by umbilical cord. The nutrients and oxygen coming to a fetus by means of an umbilical cord. And products of metabolism are moving away by the same way. • From the moment of an attachment of a germ to a wall of uterus, intensive reorganization of all systems of an organism of the pregnant woman begins. The change of woman health (a nausea, dizziness , etc.) is explained by it. All changes occurring in an organism of pregnant woman are directed on maintenance of favorable conditions for development the fetus.
So, during pregnancy ,condition of nervous system changes (brain and a spinal cord), that lead to relaxation uterus muscles , which providing the quiescent state for it. The yellow body, and then placenta produces hormones, which are necessary for carrying the pregnancy. Under their influence the mood of the pregnant woman changes, mammary glands are proliferating. The colostrum (the predecessor of the breast milk) appears in the last month of pregnancy.
Significant changes occur in an uterus, its sizes and weight increase, the network of large and fine vessels, bearing blood to a placenta intensively develops. The contractive ability of heart increases on 30 %-50 %, and the volume of circulating blood almost on 50 %. Breath becomes deeper, at physical activity there can be an easy short wind.
Pressure of a growing uterus upon a rectum causes constipation. Owing to a relaxation lower sphincter of a gullet there is an eructation and a heartburn. Work of kidneys increases on 30 %-50 %, ureters extends under influence of a progesterone (a hormone of placenta) . It is observed frequent urination on early terms of pregnancy, connected with pressure of a growing uterus upon a bladder. In 2 trimester these phenomena disappears, but can renew on late terms of pregnancy ,when the head of fetus falls to a cavity of a small pelvis.
There are a pigment spots on the leather, intensifying the pigmentation of peripappillary circles , there can be a dark strip on a median line of a abdomen. During pregnancy the weight of a body changes. In norm for all pregnancy the increase of a weight should be no more 12-13 kg.
FIVE-SIX WEEKS • The embryo floats in the bag filled by a liquid. There are rudiments of head and spinal cord, of backbone and central nervous system. The four hollows on a head are future eyes and ears of the baby. • Digestive system, mouth and jaw are in rudimentary state . The stomach and the thorax develops. Heart looks as camber on a thorax. By the end of this period it will start to beat. • The system of blood vessels is formed. The differentiation of sexual glands on man's and female begins. Testicle starts to form at the boys. Four tiny rudiments of finiteness were formed. • Length : 6mm.
7 WEEK • The Huge head is inclined to a breast. The face is forming, but eyes are still on each side and are densely closed. The black pigment is visible under a thin skin of eyes. • Hands and legs with splitting on the ends, which will turn to fingers are well shown. Heart starts to overtake blood on a body of an embryo. The liver of an embryo becomes the center of hematosis . Formation of thin intestines, kidneys and adrenal glands begins. • There was a central nervous system. Development of bone cells has begun. • Length : 1,3sm.
8 WEEK • The embryo became a fetus, now it can be named the baby. • The all main internal organs were generated , but they still in embryo and do not borrow final position inside of a body. • The face has formed: the nose had a tip, nostrils are beginning to emerge, the mouth has formed. Already there is a language. • The internal ear is forming. Fingers are formed, but they are still strapped by membranes. Hands and legs became longer, shoulders, elbows, a hips and knees were designated. The fruit is mobile enough, but you still do not feel it. • Length: 2,5 sm.
12 WEEK • Process of formation your baby’s body is completed. New organs couldn't form any more after 12-th week , it will be only continue to grow and develop. The bone substance is forming. There are separate signs of hairs on a body. External genitals of the sufficient sizes ,it is a time when possible to define child’s sex. The gastroenteric system (a small intestine) is capable to be reduced and to push through itself food. It can actively absorb glucose . The nervous system continues to develop. • Amniotic fluid volume steadily increases. Now it makes 50 ml, and by the end of pregnancy will increase up to 1-2 l. • Weight: 40gr. Length: 9sm.
14 WEEK • Baby reacts to the substances dissolved in amniotic fluid: swallowing movements are maximal in reply to sweet, minimal on sour and bitter. • Baby already moves in full. Handles cooperate with other parts of a body and with a umbilical cord. There is one of forms of spontaneous activity of muscles of a fetus - respiratory movements. There is an easy down on a body of the baby. The down of eyebrows also is planned. And even on a head there is an easy hint on vegetation. • There is a unique pattern on a leather of the fingers. Growth of the baby makes 8-10 sm, and weight approximately 25gr.
20-th WEEK • Hair has appeared on the head. A teeth has formed. First-born greasing is forming - the white substance protecting a leather of the child in an uterus . Hands and legs are already developed. The protective substances providing resistibility of an organism are transferred to the baby through your blood. The baby is very active; for the first very active, it is time when you will feel its movement - quasi light wince. It can react to external sounds. But if pushes are not frequent - do not worry.
24 WEEK • There is no fat on fetus body, therefore the body is slender. In a leather are forming sudoriferous glands . Muscles of hands and legs are well developed at the child, and he checks their force on a regular basis. The periods of activity when you feel it’s movements, alternate with the periods of full rest. It can cough and hiccup. It feels as a light percussion inside of you. • Length : 33 sm. Weight : 570 г
28-th WEEK • The leather is red and wrinkled, but under it is already forming fatty tissue . There comes a solving stage in development of a cortex of a brain. The seven-mouth baby feels a pain, it reacts almost the same as mature fetus. Taste buds it in language now even has more, than will be at a birth, - it distinguishes very thin shades of taste. Lungs completely are not generated. Surfactant hasn't developed yet . It is a substance interfering of alveolus's collapse at breath. • Length: 37sm. Weight: 900gr.
32 WEEK • The majority of wrinkles has disappeared from the face of the fetus . There is decent quantity of hair on a head. The weight increasing improbably quickly (900 grams for last month!). Now the fetus weighs already nearby 1kg 700 grams. • Its/her growth - 40sm.
36 WEEK • Baby continues to grow. Weight - about 2 kg of 400 grams, length - 45 sm. • Majority of fetuses, by this time , settle down in the uterus with the head downwards. However, some (on the average - 4 of 100) take the opposite position with the buttocks downwards. Its called the breech or pelvic position . • In this case it may cause some problems at the time of labor. There are some ways giving chance to correct prelying. For example, a complex of special exercises, or it is possible to ask your tot to take correct position. It is good, if the future daddy help you in this case. Strange as it may seem , but baby’s perfectly understand all and many confirm, that kiddies really overturn.
38-40WEEKS • Formation of organs and systems of a fetus is completed. During this period ,even more often, you feel tractions of an uterus. You will feel, that it became easier to breathe, you will mark that your abdomen has gone down, weight has began to decrease. The mucous fuse can depart. All these attributes are harbingers of labor.
Conditions at which it is necessary to go to a maternity home immediately • If your amniotic fluid has gone. • If you got bleeding from genital tracts. • If you got a disorders of the vision, dizziness, sickness and feels discomfort in the area if stomach. • If you got a headache. • The best of all would be, if an ambulanceman will escort you on the way to maternity hospital.
BABY BIRTH ! • Your organism has been preparing for a long time to this moment. • And here it has come. Though it is necessary to note, that this date can turn out ,that it's not absolutely exact. Actually only 4 % of women gives birth precisely in term. • About 98 % of pregnant women give birth within the limits of 1 - to 2 weeks up to or after the calculated date. In most cases this is normal phenomenon.
