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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. The Periodic Table. Friday 3/28/14. Do Now: Ancient Names for the Elements Today: Chapter 5 - Periodic Table Notes Work on…Periodic Table Poster Homework: Read Chapter 5.1 & complete 5.1 GRWS Advertise-the-Elements project Due Fri 4/4. Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 1

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 The Periodic Table

  2. Friday 3/28/14 • Do Now: • Ancient Names for the Elements • Today: • Chapter 5 - Periodic Table Notes • Work on…Periodic Table Poster • Homework: • Read Chapter 5.1 & complete 5.1 GRWS • Advertise-the-Elements project Due Fri 4/4 Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 1 OBJECTIVE: Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across groups and families

  3. Monday 3/31/14 • Do Now: • Who am I? • Homework out to be checked / review • Today: • DVD Field Trips – Chapters 4 & 5 • Periodic Table Element Challenge • Extra time? Work on – Periodic Table poster • Homework: • Read Chapter 5.2 & complete 5.2 GRWS • Advertise-the-Elements project Due Fri 4/4 Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 2 OBJECTIVE: Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across groups and families .

  4. Tuesday 04/01/14 • Do Now: • Word Wise Chap 5 • Homework out to be checked • Today: • LIBRARY – Element research • FINISH – Periodic Table poster • Homework: • Interpreting the Periodic Table • Advertise-the-Elements project Due Fri 4/4 Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 3 OBJECTIVE: Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across groups and families

  5. Wednesday 4/2/14 • Do Now: • Periodic Table Crossword • Homework out to be checked / review • Today: • Atomic Basics Review • Navigating the Periodic Table Review • ORGANIZE and CHECK NOTEBOOK • Homework: • Open Notebook Quiz tomorrow Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 4 OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families, of the elements in the Periodic Table.

  6. Thursday 4/3/14 • Do Now: • Turn in Do Now Folder #4/5 – __ pages • Today: • Quiz (Open Notebook) – Chapters 4 & 5 • Turn in Notebook when done (__ pages) • Current Events: 5 seconds • Homework: • FINISH Advertise-the-Elements project Due Tomorrow Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 5 OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families, of the elements in the Periodic Table.

  7. Friday 4/4/14 • Do Now: • Turn in Advertise-the-Elements project • Today: • Star Trek and the Silicon Creature • Greatest Chemical Discoveries DVD • Element PUNS • Homework: • Missing Assignments? Marking Period ends SOON!!! Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 6 OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families, of the elements in the Periodic Table.

  8. The Periodic Table of ElementsChapter 5 • Question:  What Letter Is not Found in the Periodic Table? Answer: The letter "J“ .Note that the letter "Q" does not appear in any official element names. However, temporary element names, such as ununquadium, do contain this letter.

  9. What is the Periodic Table? • It is an organizational system for elements. • Pre-periodic table chemistry was a MESS!

  10. Who created it? • In 1869, Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev proposed arranging elements by atomic weights and properties. • The table contained gaps but Mendeleev predicted the discovery of new elements. (He was right!)

  11. Mendeleev’s Table • Recorded properties of 63 elements • Chemical properties • Valence power (how it bonds) • Physical properties • Atomic mass • Density • Color • Melting point

  12. The Modern Periodic TableSo how is it arranged? • The genius of the periodic table is that it is organized like a big grid. • The elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act. • Elements are put in tows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER • Horizontal Rows = Period • Labeled 1 to 7 • Vertical columns = Groups • Labeled from 1 to 18

  13. You've got Your Periods... • Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right. • When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period (Get it? Like PERIODic table.)

  14. Periods = Rows • In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row. • All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals. • Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that.

  15. And you got your groups… • The periodic table has a special name for its columns, too. • When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group.

  16. Groups = Columns • The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital. • Elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties. • Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in its outer shell. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell. • There are some exceptions to the order when you look at the transition elements, but you get the general idea.

  17. What do all the numbers mean ? From www.science-class.net

  18. Other than periods and groups, the table is divided into FAMILIES.-Families have names not numbers-May be in one column or spread across several columns

  19. ALKALI METALS • 1st column (NOT Hydrogen) • very reactive metals, always combine withsomething else (like salt NaCl) • malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity. • can explode if they are exposed to water From www.science-class.net

  20. ALKLINE EARTH METALS • 2nd column • Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature • Several are important mineral nutrients (Ca and Mg)

  21. TRANSITION METALS • Groups 3-12 • Less reactive and harder metals • Used in jewelry and construction (as “metal”) • iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

  22. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS • Many are man-made

  23. HALOGENS (HALIDES) • Elements in Group 17 • Very reactive, volatile, non metals • "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"

  24. NOBLE GASES • Elements in Group 18 • Very Unreactive - do not form compounds easily • Happy/Inert Elements (Full valance/outer shell – 8 electrons)

  25. Two ways to look at the right side of the periodic table…. Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families

  26. (1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals OTHER METALS • are ductile and malleable • are solid, have a high density,

  27. Gallium (symbol Ga and atomic number 31) has a melting point of temperature of 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), which is slightly above room temperature. If you hold it in your hand long enough, it will start to melt.

  28. (1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals METALLOIDS • have properties of both metals and non-metals • some of the metalloids are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

  29. (1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals NON-METALS • not able to conduct electricity or heat very well • very brittle • Do not reflect light. From www.science-class.net

  30. (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Boron Family • Elements in Group 13 • B, Al, Ga, In, Tl • FYI: Aluminum was once considered rare and expensive and not a “disposable” metal

  31. (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Carbon Family • Elements in Group 14 • C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb • Contains elements important to LIFE and Computers • Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry (Organic Chemistry) • Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors

  32. (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Nitrogen Family • Elements in group 15 • N, P, As, Sb, Bi • Nitrogen makes up over78% of our air/atmosphere • Nitrogen and Phosphorus are important to life • The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus

  33. (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Oxygen Family • Elements in group 16 • O, S, Se, Te, Po • Oxygen necessary for respiration in animals • Many stinky things contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunk oil, etc.)

  34. Helium Neon Argon He Ne Ar • Which elements had complete outer shells? Give the name and symbol for each. • ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ • What do you notice about the location of these elements? The elements are in the same column at the far right side of the table.

  35. Hydrogen Lithium Sodium H Li Na 2. Which elements had only one valence electron? Give the name and symbol for each. ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ What do you notice about the location of these elements? The elements are in the same column at the far leftside of the table.

  36. 3. What do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table? Na Mg  Al  Si  P  S ClAr Na – 1 Mg – 2 Al – 3 Si – 4 The number of valence electrons increases by one as you move across each column.

  37. 4. What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table? H  Li  Na H – 1 Li – 2 Na - 3 The number of energy levels increases by one as you move down each row.

  38. *5.Write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your PERIODIC TABLE POSTER using the following information. Alkali Metals - 1 valence electron Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons Boron Family - 3 valence electrons Carbon Family - 4 valence electrons Nitrogen Family - 5 valence electrons Oxygen Family - 6 valence electrons Halides - 7 valence electrons Noble Gases - Complete outermost shell

  39. Alkali Metals Noble Gases AlkalineEarthMetals BoronFamily CarbonFamily NitrogenFamily OxygenFamily Halides 6. What do you notice about the location of the elements in each family? The elements in each family are in the same columns.

  40. Alkali Metals Noble Gases AlkalineEarthMetals BoronFamily CarbonFamily NitrogenFamily OxygenFamily Halides ? 7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain. Alkali Metals – Hydrogen has only one valence electron so it could be classified with the alkali metals. OR Halides – Hydrogen only needs one more valence electron to fill its outer shell so it could be classified with the halides.

  41. Alkali Metals Noble Gases AlkalineEarthMetals BoronFamily CarbonFamily NitrogenFamily OxygenFamily Halides 8. In what family would each of these elements be classified? Radium - _____________________ Tin - ________________________ Iodine - _____________________Cesium - _____________________ Alkaline Earth Metals Carbon Family Alkali Metals Halide

  42. 9.Predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the Periodic Table Barium = ____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = ___ Potassium = _____ 2 4 5 1

  43. The chemistry of fireworks:Sodium produces yellow/gold colors. Barium creates green, copper compounds produce blue, strontium salts give you red and titanium metals give you silver colored sparks.

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