Review: Introduction to World History

1. Review: Introduction to World History • Post-War Europe, 1919-1939 • Italy and the Rise of Fascism • Germany (Weimar Republic and Nazism) • United States/Latin America/Middle East • Japan and China • Stalin’s Russia • Spanish Civil War • Road to War: Appeasement • Crises in Austria and Czechoslovakia

2. Review Session: Readings • Readings you will be responsible for on the exam: • Readings from Sources of Twentieh Century Global History: pp. 109-165; 221-253. • J.A.S. Grenville, A History of the World: Chapters 15-27.

3. Post-War Europe • Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920: Peace Treaties: Versailles, Trianon, etc. • New Europe vs. Old Europe: How the map of Europe changes (geographically and politically) • Liberalism and alternative political/economic systems: Communism, Fascism, Authoritarianism (examples?)

4. Fate of Great Power system • Italy in the post-war era: rise of fascism (causes and consequences, 1919-1939 • Crisis of liberalism: Fiume, Factory Occupation movement, 1919-1920. • What is fascism? Sources of fascist doctrine (futurism, syndicalism, corporatism, statism…) • Transforming Italy: Role of Mussolini?

5. Germany • Germany in the post-war era: rise of Nazism, Weimar interlude. • Define Weimar Republic and know about political, economic, social circumstances which gave rise to extremist movements. • Political parties: SPD, KPD, NSDAP. • “Golden Age of Weimar”, 1924-1929

6. Germany, cont. • NSDAP/Nazi movement: Ideology and activities. • Elements of ideology: statism, Social Darwinism, Racism, Anti-Marxist, Anti-Liberal. • Role of Hitler and Nazi leaders (S.A., S.S., propaganda methods. • Mein kampf (1925)

7. Europe from 1919-1929 • What impact does U.S. economy have on Europe after WWI?

8. World Outside Europe • United States in post-war era • Prohibition, “Roaring Twenties”, Economic prosperity and political isolationism. • Great Depression, 1929 • F.D. Roosevelt and the “New Deal”, 1932-1945 • “Good Neighbor” policy

9. Latin America • Mexico: PRI, independence from Europe and US • Depression in L.A., 1929- • Liberalism and Fascism in L.A. (Brazil)

10. Middle East • Imperial Interests: Sykes-Picot, Balfour Declaration, Post-war treaties • Modern Turkey – Mustafa Pasha/Kemal Ataturk • Imperial role of European powers: France and Great Britain.

11. Japan and China • Japanese expansion, 1920s and 1930s • Japanese imperialism in Korea and in surrounding (Pacific) areas • Manchukuo, 1932 • “Rape of Nanking”, 1937

12. China • Sun Yat-Sen’s “Three People’s Principles” • Kuomintang’s efforts to unify China • Formation of PCC, 1921 • “Northern Expedition”, 1927 • Response to Japanese invasion

13. Soviet Union, 1924-1939 • Russia in the post- Civil War era • Main features of Stalin’s political/economic system (“Socialism in one country”) • Stalin’s foreign policy

14. Spanish Civil War • Second Republic, 1931-1936 • Civil War, 1936-1939 • Franco and Nationalists (relations with Germany and Italy) • Non-Intervention and its impact

15. Inter-war Crises: Anschluss/Czechoslovakia • Germany’s annexation of Austria, 1938 • Hitler’s efforts to annex Sudetenland, 1938 • Fate of Czechoslovakia (Munich Agreement, September, 1938) • Invasion of Czechoslovakia, March, 1939 • End of “Appeasement”? Anglo-Polish guarantee, March, 1939.

16. War clouds… • Soviet-German relations, 1938-1939 • Ribbentrop-Molotov treaty of non-aggression. • Germany’s plans for Poland. • Anglo-French response to German invasion of Poland.

17. Beginning phase of WWII • Invasion of Poland, September, 1939 • Russo-Finnish War, Nov., 1939- March, 1940. • Scandinavian conflict, April-May, 1940