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Climate Negotiations in Cancún: Determinants for Change Taipei, November 8 th 2010

Brazil’s international position on climate change. Climate Negotiations in Cancún: Determinants for Change Taipei, November 8 th 2010 André Santos Pereira. Energy Sector Overview. GHG Emissions Overview. Main GHG Emissions in Brazil -2005 weight of the sectors (%).

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Climate Negotiations in Cancún: Determinants for Change Taipei, November 8 th 2010

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  1. Brazil’s international position on climate change Climate Negotiations in Cancún: Determinants for Change Taipei, November 8th 2010 André Santos Pereira

  2. Energy Sector Overview

  3. GHG Emissions Overview

  4. Main GHG Emissions in Brazil -2005 weight of the sectors (%) Source: Second National Communication to the UNFCCC preliminary data

  5. Climate policy in Brazil: internal governance

  6. Domestic Climate Policy • Non-Annex I Country – no quantified emissions reductions targets; • General goal is to strengthen and better organize already existing policies and measures and to identify and reduce the gaps; • Main climate policy instruments are the Climate Change Fund and the Climate Change Act;

  7. Climate Policy Institutions • Climate Change Inter-ministerial Board: Coordinates National Climate Act; • Climate Change Inter ministerial Commission : Brazilian DNA to the CDM EB; • National and Regional Forum on Climate Change - (coordinates civil society)

  8. Climate Policy Instruments • National Climate Act; • Climate Change Fund; • CDM;

  9. Climate Change Fund • Managed by Brazilian Development Bank; • Finances mitigation and adaptation projects and studies; • Has it resources coming from the oil and gas sector;

  10. Climate Change Act • Four axes: • Mitigation; • Adaptation, impacts and vulnerability • R&D; • Capacity building and outreach;

  11. Climate Change Act: goals • To keep the very high share of renewable energies on the energy matrix; • To increase sustainable biofuel production; • To foster the development of a worldwide market for sustainable biofuel; • To reduce the rate of deforestation of all Brazilian biomes; • To identify local impacts and vulnerability to climate change;

  12. Reducing deforestation • Amazon Fund • Control illegal breeding; • Effectively control of agriculture in perseveration areas; • REDD

  13. Climate policy in Brazil: external governance

  14. Institutional Structure • Ministry of External Relations has official mandate to negotiate international agreements; • Ministry Science and Technology has been giving technical and scientific support to MER; • All the experience and knowledge on the UNFCCC process are in these two Ministries; • Ministry of the Environment has been trying to join UNFCCC process but has been facing some difficulties to seat on the table without the help of the Ministry Science and Technology ;

  15. Brazilian Position : the historical responsibilityapproach • The historical responsibility approach is based on the UNFCCC preamble, which recognizes “…that the largest share of historical and current global emissions of greenhouse gases has originated in developed countries…” • No quantified targets for non-Annex I countries

  16. Fossil fuel Future responsibility based on historical emissions Fonte: Campos, 2007

  17. Two tracks approach • AWG-KP - Kyoto Protocol • targets for the new commitment period only for Annex I countries; • Emissions trading and Mechanisms; • LULUCF; • Other/new GHG; • AWG-LCA - UNFCCC • Mitigation (including REDD); • Adaptation; • Finance; • Technology.

  18. COP 15/CMP 5 • Failure: no climate for reaching a deal • Not enough engagement from Annex I countries on the establishment of their new quantified emissions reduction targets, as it was AWG-KP objective ; • Lack of transparency and non-democratic negotiations;

  19. Final Considerations • Brazilian position it based on the argument that Annex I countries’ contribution to climate change is still much higher than non Annex I countries, and this will be for some decades yet; • Therefore BRICs and other non-Annex I countries’ responsibility on climate change is far from reaching industrialized countries’ responsibility ; • To reach a compromise in multilateral negotiations, it’s crucial that Annex I countries must agree on new quantified emissions reduction targets in a level that does not harm climate security;

  20. Final Considerations • However, Annex I countries (specially US) “bad behavior” should not be an excuse for developing countries specially BRICs not taking any action; • Brazil’s official position is not to assume quantified targets under the UNFCCC and KP, but to establish national emissions reductions goals ; • Indeed, Brazil has taking concrete action although it has not quantified emissions reductions targets under the KP; • Brazil now is focusing on the Amazon and Cerrado deforestation, since energy sector has been doing quite well; • However Brazil can improve also in transport sector;

  21. Thank you for your attention André Santos Pereira andre2247@gmail.com

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