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The rock cycle. Before we look at the R o c k C y c l e in more detail,. let’s review some basic information …. Atoms combine to make compounds that combine to make minerals. Minerals are. Solid , Naturally occurring , I norganic. a Fixed chemical composition ,.
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Before we look at theRock Cyclein more detail, let’s review some basic information …
Atoms combine to make compounds that combine to make minerals.
Mineralsare Solid, Naturally occurring, Inorganic a Fixed chemical composition, And has Crystal form S N I F C
alunite, amethyst, amphibole, analcite, anatase, andalusite, andesine, andradite, anglesite, anhydrite, ankerite, annabergite, anorthite, anthonyite, anthophyllite, anthraconite, anthraxolite, antigorite, apatite, aphrosiderite, apophyllite, aragonite, ardennite, argentoalgodonite, arsenopyrite, asbestos, atacamite, attapulgite, augite,awarurite, axinite, azurite, babingtonite, baddeleyite, barite, bassetite, bastnaesite, beaconite, beryl, biotite, bismuthinite, blomstrandine, bornite, bowlingite, brannerite, braunite, brochantite, bronzite, brookite, brucite, brunsvigite, buttgenbachite, byssolite, bytownite, calciovolborthite, calcite, calderite, calumetite, carnallite, carnelian, celadonite, celestite, cerargyrite, chabazite, chalcedony, chalcocite, chalconatronite, chalcopyrite, chalcotrichite, chamosite, chert, chloanthite, chlorargyrite, chlorastrolite, chlorite, clinochlore, clino-chrysotile, clinozoisite, collophane, columbite, copiapite, copper, coquimbite, cordierite, corrensite, corundum, covellite, crocidolite, cubanite, cummingtonite, cuprite, dahllite, datolite, daubreelite, delessite, diabantite, diallage, diamond, dickite, digenite, dihydrite, diopside, dioptase, djurleite, dolomite, domeykite, forsterite, francolite, freirinite, fuchsite, fulgurite, galena, garnet, garnierite, gersdorffite, gibbsite, glauconite, goethite, gold, halite, halloysite, halotrichite, harmotome, heterosite, heulandite, hisingerite, hollandite, hornblende,hyacinth, hydrocarbon, hydrohausmannite, hydromica, hydromuscovite, hydrotroilite, hypersthene, iddingsite, illite, ilmenite, isle royale greenstone, jacksonite, jacobsite, jasper, jaspilite, julgoldite, kamacite, kamiokite, kaolinite, kearsargeite, keweenawite, kinoite, koutekite, kupfferite, kutnahorite, kyanite, labradorite, langite, laumontite, lavendulan, lead, lechetelierite, ledouxite, leonhardite, lepidocrocite, lepidolite, manganoan siderite, manganocalcite, marcasite, margarite, marmolite, martite, masonite, maucherite, melaconite, melanochalcite, melanterite, melilite, mercury, mesolite, meta-autunite, metatorbernite, metatyuyamunite, microcline, millerite, minnesotaite, mirabilite, mohawk-algodonite, mohawkite, molybdenite, monazite, montmorillonite, muscovite, nacrite, nantokite, natrojarosite, natrolite, neltnerite, neotocite, niccolite, nontronite, oligoclase, oligonite, olivenite, olivine, orientite, orthoclase, ottrelite, palygorskite, paragonite, paramelaconite, pararammelsbergite, paratacamite, pargasite, patricianite, paxite, pectolite, pennine, pentlandite, peristerite, perthite, pharmacolite, phengite, phillipsite, phlogopite, phosphides, phosphorite, picrolite, picropharmacolite, pigeonite, pistacite, pitchblende, plagioclase, plancheite, plessite, polyhalite, posnjakite, powellite, prehnite, priorite, prochlorite, protolithionite, pyrolusite, pyrope, pyrophyllite, pyrostilpnite, pyroxene, pyrrhotite, quartz, rammelsbergite, rauenthalite, rhodochrosite, rhodonite, riebeckite, ripidolite, roscoelite, rubellan, rutherfordine, rutile, salite, salt, sanidine, saponite, saussurite, scapolite, scheelite, schefferite, schorl, schreibersite, scolectite, seamanite, semi-whitneyite, sericite, serpentine, siderite, silicon, sillimanite, silver, smaltite, smectite, soapstone, specularite, spessartite, sphalerite, sphene, spinel, spodumene, staurolite, steatite, stellerite, stibiodomeykite, stilbite, stilpnomelane, stinkstone, strontianite, sulfur, sussexite, sylvanite, sylvite, synchisite, szaibelyite, taenite, talc, tantalite, tellurium, tenorite, tetrahedrite, thomsonite, thuringite, tirodite, titanite, titanomagnetite, topaz, tourmaline, tremolite, trichalcite, tridymite, troilite, tyrolite, uralite, uraninite, uranothorite, uvarovite, vaterite,, vesuvianite, violarite, viridite, vivianite, vladimirite, wairakite, whitneyite, williamsite, wollastonite, wurtzite, xanthosiderite, xonotlite, zeolite, zircon, zoisite, zonochlorite There are over 2,000 minerals
Some Rocks are made up of just one mineral- like rocksalt (made up of the mineral halite) that is mined near Detroit. Others Rocksare made up of many minerals - like the granitesand gneisses (made up of feldspars, quartz, and other minerals) found near Marquette.
What is theRockCycle ? The rock cycle is a sequence of events involving the formation, alteration, destruction, and reformation of rocks as a result of natural processes such as magmatism (melting of rock into magma), erosion, transportation, deposition, lithification, and metamorphism. Glossary of Geology, Bates & Jackson, AGI
The mantle, crust and surface of the earthcan be thought of as a giant recycling machine; rocks are neither created nor destroyed, but redistributed and transformed from one rock type to another. http://www.science.ubc.ca/~geol202/rock_cycle/rockcycle.html March 2000
TheRock Cycleinvolves the recognition of three main classes of rocks all of which are found in Utah. The three rock types are …
SedimentaryRocks MetamorphicRocks IgneousRocks CEMETERY INGENIOUS METABOLIC Right?
Igneous Igneous means “born of fire”
Igneous Rock... • is formed when sediments are melted and cooled
Igneous ... • Cools Very Fast - glassy with holes • Cools Fast - glassy • Cools Slow- small crystals • Cools Very Slow- large crystals. As Cooling Time increases, Crystal Size increases.
Bedrock Mag-ma!
Into the Bedrock On top (Exit) intrusive extrusive (crystals) (no crystals)
Sedimentary rock... • is formed when sediment that has been broken down in some way is pressed and cemented together.
Sedimentary rocks are usually formed in a watery environment. • Often layered • Are the only rocks that contain fossils
Sedimentary Rock... • Can have thick or thin layers • Loosely Compacted • Have distinct particles • (Usually) dull luster
Metamorphic rock... • is formed when rocks are changed by heat and pressure.
metamorphic... • Metamorphic rocks will often have foliation or a distorted structure.
Bands (can) form Metamorphic means “changed” Metamorphic!
Metamorphic... • Usually have Thin layers • Are Tightly Compacted • Have Blurred or stretched particles • & are Usually shiny
Draw two blue arrows to the blue oval. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY
Label the process for the two blue arrows THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY
What should we label the green oval? THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation, compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC What should we label them?
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC Draw two green arrows to the green oval.
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC What should we label them?
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC Heat & Pressure What should we label the red oval?
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure Draw two red arrows toward the red oval.
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure What should these red arrows be labeled?
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure There are three arrows missing on this diagram. Can you guess what color the are and where they go?
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure DOYOUNEEDA HINT?
THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure Who got it right??
THE ROCK CYCLE Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Label the new arrows.
The Rock Cycle Igneous metamorphic Sedimentary
IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA
IGNEOUS Intrusive (Plutonic) Crystallization MAGMA
Extrusive (volcanic) IGNEOUS Intrusive (plutonic) Crystallization MAGMA
But then the EARTH’S elements Won’t leave The poor rock alone!
Ice • wind • Water ice wind water
Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA
SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA
Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA
Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA