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The Classical Age: Ancient Greece (1200s BCE to 300s BCE)

The Classical Age: Ancient Greece (1200s BCE to 300s BCE). Mr. Roseman. The Greek Mediterranean. Characteristics of Greek Society. Greek language polytheistic ideal of arete = excellence! reaching your full potential virtue, bravery, effectiveness a hero! (male or female).

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The Classical Age: Ancient Greece (1200s BCE to 300s BCE)

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  1. The Classical Age:Ancient Greece(1200s BCE to 300s BCE) Mr. Roseman

  2. The Greek Mediterranean

  3. Characteristics of Greek Society • Greek language • polytheistic • ideal of arete = excellence! • reaching your full potential • virtue, bravery, effectiveness • a hero! (male or female)

  4. The Greek Polises • many polises = city-states • disunity • diverse governments • competitive  war • extreme loyalty to polis

  5. Two Powerful Polises: Sparta & Athens SPARTA • Northern Greeks invaded Peloponnesus, c.1100 BCE • polis at village of Sparta • the natives became their slaves (helots) • helots out-numbered Spartans • oligarchy established

  6. Sparta: Think about it… • How do you think this made the Spartans feel? • What could the Spartans do about this situation? • What did they do to control the situation? • Would you have permitted this to happen had you been a Spartan? • Can we pass judgment on these actions taken by the Spartans?

  7. Athens: Sparta's Rival • Athens’ wealth = sea trade & farming • society divided into 3 levels: 1. citizens = rich & poor, born in Athens, only men had political rights 2. metics = non-citizens, born outside Athens, usually merchants & artisans, could not take part in gov’t or own land 3. slaves = considered property, no rights • Athenians had more freedoms than Spartans • 1stdirect democracy • warred with Sparta

  8. Greek Governments • governments varied between polises : • monarchies • aristocracies • oligarchies • tyrranies • democracy • Athens = direct democracy • all citizens vote = everyone rules • gov’t participation expected

  9. Greek Religion • Polytheistic • gods: • super-human • human characteristics & faults • Myths • stories of the gods • answered ?’s about nature & human emotions • no heaven • Oracles • Olympics

  10. Greek Philosophy • “philosophy”: philo = love + sophy = wisdom “love of wisdom” • logical analysis of the world • Most Greek philosophers assumed 2 things when thinking: • The universe is ordered & certain laws govern how it works. • These laws can be understood by using reason & logic. • Athens = philosophical center • Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

  11. Greek Art & Architecture • sculpture • images super-realistic • human figure showed Greek ideal • Architecture • balance, symmetry, harmony • columns • temples • The Parthenon (Athens) • honored Athena • influenced later European art

  12. The Parthenon

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