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The Transparent Optical Network An Optical Illusion?

The Transparent Optical Network An Optical Illusion?. Richard S. Wolff Telcordia Technologies rwolff@telcordia.com 973-829-4537. An SAIC Company. Key Contributors. Telcordia: Collaborators -Paul Toliver -GK Chang, Georgia Tech -Matt Goodman -Ben Yoo, UC Davis

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The Transparent Optical Network An Optical Illusion?

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  1. The Transparent Optical NetworkAn Optical Illusion? Richard S. Wolff Telcordia Technologies rwolff@telcordia.com 973-829-4537 An SAIC Company

  2. Key Contributors Telcordia: Collaborators -Paul Toliver -GK Chang, Georgia Tech -Matt Goodman -Ben Yoo, UC Davis -Janet Jackel -Dan Blumenthal, UC Santa Barbara -George Clapp -Stu Wagner -Ron Skoog -Haim Kobrinski -Robert Runser -Ann Von Lehmen -Joel Gannett -Brian Meagher

  3. Outline of Talk • Some background on optical networking • Optical packet switching • Multi-layer optical network architectures • Where do we go from here?

  4. Growth of the Internet 75% growth in the number of hosts over the last 12 months Number of hosts, in millions Source: www.netsizer.com

  5. True Convergence of IP and Optical Layer Inflexible reconfigurability High Management Complexity Evolution of Optical Networking Optical Provisioning, Reconfiguration, and Switching Strategies Highly Dynamic Optical Label Switching Dynamic Reconfigurable Optical Networks Network Efficiency Reconfigurable Optical Networks Addresses carrier needs*: • Bandwidth utilization • Provisioning time • Scalability Static Point-to-Point Optical Transport Past Present Future *RHK Carrier Survey

  6. IP and Optical Routing IP over Re-configurable WDM Packet Routing Strategies: (a) IP/Client Layer, (b) MPlS/Integrated Layer, and (c) OLS/Transport Layer IP IP IP IP IP IP IP WDM WDM WDM WDM WDM (a) IP IP IP IP IP IP IP WDM WDM WDM WDM WDM (b) IP IP IP IP IP WDM (c) WDM WDM WDM WDM

  7. Key Enabling OLS Technology • Packet payload and in-band OLS label are decoupled through the use of subcarrier multiplexing technology • The simplified packet processing hardware results in significant cost savings for core network interfaces Low Bit Rate Subcarrier Label Label and Packet Forwarded High Bit Rate Optical Packet Fiber Optical Header Extraction Unit NRZ Packet Payload Subcarrier Optical Label Only low cost electronics required to process the label in parallel Label Extracted for Processing Frequency to Forwarding Engine

  8. Optical-Label Switch Node Design Fiber Delay Line LiNbO3 Optical Switch Header Processor Forward Engine Sub-carrier Receiver Switch Control Logic Sub-carrier Receiver Header Processor Forward Engine

  9. Optical Label Switch Router- Schematics Interoperable with existing network elements

  10. Optical Label Switch Router–Physical Layout

  11. Optical Switch Fabric and Forwarding Engine LiNbO3 switch driver Packet Forwarding engine LiNbO3 switch array Network control processor Optical switch ribbon input Optical switch ribbon output

  12. Switch Fabric Testing: Optical Rise & Fall Time Optical rise & fall time: ~3 nsDead time: ~6 nsTotal packet guard time: <10 ns

  13. Optical Label Switching NGI Testbed Laboratory 4 1 Tx Rx Switch node Host 4 Host 1 NC&M Interface Tx Rx Rx Tx Rx Tx Host 3 2 3 NC&M Host 2 Edge Routers Terminal

  14. Areas for Research: Label Swapping and Wavelength Conversion • Wide tunable semiconductor lasers • Tuning range: 40nm • Frequency accuracy: <10GHz • Accessing speed: < 10ns • Wavelength converter • Any wavelength to a fixed wavelength • Any wavelength to any wavelength • Efficient fiber couple with expanded beam technologies • Subcarrier Label Swapping • Optical notch filter in combination with single side band SCM tramsimitter (Improved tracking mechanism) by NCTU • Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based optical label eraser as a low-pass filter by UCSB

  15. Area for Research: Optical Switch Fabric Technologies • LiNbO3 Waveguide Switch (Lucent, EOspace, Lynx) • PDL, < 1dB • High crosstalk rejection, >35 dB • Fast switching, 5 ns • Medium dimension, 16 x 16 • SOA Optical Switch (Alcatel, NEC, Kamelian) • Fast Switching, 1 ns • Provide optical dump • Optical multicast • Small dimension with PIC technology, 4 x 4 • 3-D Optical MEMs (Lucent, Calient, Nortel) • Low insertion loss • Large dimension, 256 x 256 • Switching speed, currently 10 ms

  16. Areas for Research: Network Issues • Critical Issue : Absence of Optical Buffer Memory • Lack of Precision Optical Synchronization • Contention of packets at the switching nodes • Possible Solutions : • Wavelength Conversion • Deflection Routing • Wavelength Flooding • Deflection Flooding

  17. Optical-Label Switching for Packet Routing alternate wavelength Optical-label switching IP/WDM Node Signal Source alternate path DATA Signal Destination Optical HEADER preferred path t • Priority • Wavelength interchange • Alternate path

  18. Simulation of OLS Packet Dropping

  19. The Multi-layer Transparent Optical Network Objective: To provide a scalable multi-granular photonic layer infrastructure with the ability to provide intelligent dynamic access into optical bandwidth from packet to pipe. the optical layer IS the convergence layer… • Multi-granularity • Multi-protocol capable • Multi-format/bit-rate support • Multi-domain support: wireless & wireline • Multi-vendor, multi-technology interoperability designed in

  20. Vision of a Multi-layer Optical Network Optical packet/burstgranularity Wavelengthgranularity Waveband granularity Fibergranularity

  21. Multi-layer Optical Network Requirements

  22. Edge-to-Edge Flows:Transparency selected to meet application requirements • = wavelength

  23. ATDNet: An Experimental Transparent Optical Network LTS DARPA NASA West Ring East Ring DISA MEMS OXC LiNbO3 WSXC LiNbO3 OADM DIA NRL OEO OADM EDFA WDM fiber Client l

  24. Optical WDM Wavebanding Approaches Contiguouswavebands Interleavedwavebands Arbitraryreconfigurablewavebands

  25. Experimental Demonstration of WavebandingATDNet West Ring 25 GHz Add 200 GHz passband Drop Waveband

  26. Optical Burst Transmission ExerimentATDNet, LTS-NRL-LTS

  27. OADMs & PXCs OADMs & PXCs Routers & Switches Routers & Switches Optical Performance Monitoring (OPM) required EDFA EDFA ADMs & DCS ADMs & DCS Regenerator Regenerator O/E/O O/E/O Customer Specified Service Customer Specified Service Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Monitoring in Transparent Networks OE boundaries within service provider administrative domains may completely disappear Path Path Line Line Line Line Section Section Section Section Section Section Optical CPE Administrative Boundary CPE

  28. What is Needed - Areas for Research • Architecture • Dynamic network reconfiguration in response to changing traffic demands • Enabling Technologies • Multi-granular, high performance, scalable optical switch fabrics • Wavelength agility and conversion • Optical packet switching technologies from switches to receivers • Network Management • Unified management of multi-granularity transport and switching • Policy management of configurations, services, security • Favorable compromise combining peer-to-peer and centralized management • Automated traffic engineering and connection management

  29. The Transparent Optical NetworkWill packets and fiber optics converge? ? Fiber Optics Packet Networks

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