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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Imperialist Vision Section 2 The Spanish-American War Section 3 New American Diplomacy Chapter Assessment. Contents. Chapter Photo. Chapter Transparency. The Big Ideas. SECTION 1: The Imperialist Vision

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1The Imperialist Vision Section 2The Spanish-American War Section 3New American Diplomacy Chapter Assessment Contents

  3. Chapter Photo

  4. Chapter Transparency

  5. The Big Ideas • SECTION 1: The Imperialist Vision • International competition can lead to conflict and cooperation.In the late 1800s, the United States began to compete with European countries for overseas markets and power. SECTION 2: The Spanish-American War The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. After the explosion of the USS Maine, the United States defeated Spain in a war and acquired new territories, changing the fate of other nations. The Big Ideas 1

  6. The Big Ideas • SECTION 3: New American Diplomacy • America’s military and economic strength made it a world power. Under President Theodore Roosevelt, the United States increased its power and influence on the world stage. The Big Ideas 2

  7. Timeline 1

  8. Timeline 2

  9. End of the Introduction

  10. In the previous chapter, you learned how politics hindered reform efforts and how African Americans faced growing discrimination. In this section, you will discover how Americans began to shift attention from domestic issues to foreign policy and trade. Section 1-GTR 1

  11. A desire for world markets and belief in the superiority of white culture led the United States to assert itself as a world power. (p. 295) • The desire for new markets led to trade with Japan and the annexation of Hawaii. (p. 296) • • The United States worked to increase trade with Latin America. (p. 298) • • The United States began constructing a large navy to protect its international interests. (p. 299) Section 1-GTR 2

  12. imperialism, protectorate technology, publish Section 1-GTR 3

  13. Anglo-Saxonism, Matthew C. Perry, Queen Liliuokalani, Pan-Americanism, Alfred T. Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge Section 1-GTR 4

  14. 1. Analyze how a desire for more trade and markets led to political change between 1877 and 1898. 2. Cite the motivations for and methods of American expansion in the Pacific. Section 1-GTR 5

  15. Hawaii is the only state that was once an independent monarchy. Polynesian monarchs ruled the country from about 1800 to 1894. Section 1 DYK

  16. I. Building Support for Imperialism (pages 295–296) • A. Beginning in the 1880s, Americans wanted the United States to become a world power. Their change in attitude was a result of economic and military competition from other nations and a growing feeling of cultural superiority. Section 1 DLN-1

  17. I. Building Support for Imperialism (pages 295–296) • B.Imperialism, the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker nations, was a view held by many Europeans nations as they expanded their power overseas. To protect their investments, European nations exerted control over territories where they had invested capital and sold products. Some areas became colonies while others became protectorates. In a protectorate, the imperial power allowed local rulers to remain in control while protecting them against rebellion and invasion. In return, local rulers had to accept advice from the Europeans on how to govern their country. Section 1 DLN-2

  18. I. Building Support for Imperialism (pages 295–296) • C. Americans wanted to develop overseas markets to keep the economy strong. Social Darwinists argued that as nations competed, only the strongest would survive. Americans used these ideas to justify expanding American power overseas. Section 1 DLN-3

  19. I. Building Support for Imperialism (pages 295–296) • D. John Fiske, a historian and writer, wrote about “Anglo-Saxonism,” the idea that the English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government and were destined to dominate the planet. Josiah Strong linked missionary work to Anglo-Saxonism, convincing many Americans to support imperialism. Section 1 DLN-4

  20. I. Building Support for Imperialism (pages 295–296) • Why did Americans increasingly support imperialism during the 1880s? Americans wanted to develop overseas markets to keep the economy strong. Social Darwinists argued that as nations competed, only the strongest would survive. John Fiske wrote about “Anglo-Saxonism,” the idea that the English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government and were destined to dominate the planet. Anglo-Saxonism was a popular idea because it fit with the idea of Manifest Destiny. Josiah Strong linked missionary work to Anglo-Saxonism, convincing many Americans to support imperialism. Section 1 DLN-5

  21. II. Expansion in the Pacific (pages 296–297) • A. Americans expanded across the Pacific Ocean and toward East Asia looking for overseas markets. Americans hoped to trade with China and Japan, but Japan only allowed trade with the Chinese and the Dutch. Section 1 DLN-6

  22. II. Expansion in the Pacific (pages 296–297) • B. In 1852 President Franklin Pierce ordered Commodore Matthew C. Perry to travel to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty. In 1854 the Japanese, impressed by American technology and power, signed a treaty opening two ports to American trade. By the 1890s, Japan had a powerful navy and had set out to build its own empire in Asia. Perry’s forces arriving in Yokohama in March 1854 Section 1 DLN-7

  23. II. Expansion in the Pacific (pages 296–297) • C. During an 1872 recession in Hawaii, the United States exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs. When the treaty later came up for renewal, the Senate insisted that Hawaii give the United States exclusive rights to a naval base at Pearl Harbor. The trade treaty led to a boom in the Hawaiian sugar industry. D. The McKinley Tariff in 1890 gave subsidies to sugar producers in the United States causing the sale of Hawaiian sugar to decline. As a result, the Hawaiian economy also declined. Section 1 DLN-8

  24. II. Expansion in the Pacific (pages 296–297) • E. In 1891 Queen Liliuokalani became the queen of Hawaii. She disliked the influence of American settlers in Hawaii. In 1893 a group of planters, supported by U.S. Marines, forced the queen to give up her power after she unsuccessfully tried to impose a new constitution that reasserted her authority as ruler of the Hawaiian people. The group of planters set up a temporary government and asked the United States to annex the islands. Section 1 DLN-9

  25. II. Expansion in the Pacific (pages 296–297) • How did the United States expand in the Pacific? In 1852 President Franklin Pierce ordered Commodore Matthew C. Perry to travel to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty. In 1854 the Japanese signed a treaty opening two ports to American trade. During an 1872 recession in Hawaii, the United States exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs. When the treaty later came up for renewal, the Senate insisted that Hawaii give the United States exclusive rights to a naval base at Pearl Harbor. In 1893 Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii was forced, by a group of planters supported by U.S. Marines, to give up her power after she unsuccessfully tried to impose a new constitution that reasserted her authority as ruler of the Hawaiian people. The planters set up a temporary government and asked the United States to annex the islands. Section 1 DLN-10

  26. III. Relations With Latin America (page 298) • A. In the 1800s, the United States wanted to increase its influence in Latin America by increasing the sale of American products in the region. Americans wanted Europeans to realize that the United States was the dominant power in the region. B. Secretary of State James G. Blaine led early efforts to expand American influence in Latin America. He proposed the idea that the United States and Latin America work together in what came to be called Pan-Americanism. Section 1 DLN-11

  27. III. Relations With Latin America (page 298) • C. In 1889 the first Pan-American conference was held in Washington, D.C. The goals of the conference were to create a customs union between Latin America and the United States, and to create a system for American nations to work out their disputes peacefully. The Latin Americans rejected both ideas. D. Latin Americans agreed to create the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics, an organization that worked to promote cooperation among the nations of the Western Hemisphere. Today this organization is called the Organization of American States (OAS). Section 1 DLN-12

  28. III. Relations With Latin America (page 298) • What were the two goals of the first Pan-American conference? James G. Blaine wanted to create a customs union between Latin America and the United States, and create a system for American nations to work out their disputes peacefully. Section 1 DLN-13

  29. IV. Building a Modern Navy (page 299) • A. Americans were willing to risk war to defend American interests overseas. This led to American support for a large modern navy. B. Captain Alfred T. Mahan of the United States Navy published his lectures in a book called The Influence of Seapower Upon History, 1660–1783. The book suggested that a nation needed a large navy to protect its merchant ships and to defend its right to trade with other countries. Mahan felt it necessary to acquire territory overseas for naval bases. Section 1 DLN-14

  30. IV. Building a Modern Navy (page 299) • C.Henry Cabot Lodge and Albert J. Beveridge, two powerful senators, pushed for the construction of a new navy. By the late 1890s, the United States was on its way to becoming one of the top-ranked naval powers in the world. D. In the spring of 1898, war began between Spain and the United States. Section 1 DLN-15

  31. IV. Building a Modern Navy (page 299) • What were the ideas that convinced Congress to pay for building a strong, modern U.S. navy? Businesses wanted new markets overseas, and Anglo-Saxonism convinced many Americans that they had a destiny to dominate the world. European imperialism threatened America’s security. United States Navy Captain Alfred T. Mahan suggested that a nation needed a large navy to protect its merchant ships and to defend its right to trade with other countries. He felt it necessary to acquire territory overseas for naval bases. Section 1 DLN-16

  32. Vocabulary • Match the term on the left with the correct definition. A. a country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country B. to make a document available to the general public C. the actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over a smaller or weaker nation D. the result of an improvement on an old or existing idea ___ imperialism ___ protectorate ___ technology ___ publish C A D B Section 1 Assessment-1

  33. Checking for Understanding • Explain why Secretary of State James G. Blaine convened the Pan-American conference in 1889. to support peace and increase trade among the Americas Section 1 Assessment-2

  34. Reviewing Big Ideas • Identifying What events in the world convinced Americans to support a large navy? Germany tried to control Samoa Islands; Chilean mob attacked American soldiers; U.S. backed Venezuela in border dispute Section 1 Assessment-3

  35. Critical Thinking • Evaluating Imagine Hawaii was never annexed and the new Constitution was implemented in 1893. Explain how Hawaii may differ politically, economically, and culturally from what it is today. Answers will vary. You should be able to defend your point of view. CA HI4 Section 1 Assessment-4

  36. Critical Thinking Organizing Use a graphic organizer to list the factors that led to an imperialist policy in the United States in the 1800s. feeling of superiority, interest in expanding trade, need for strategic military bases, European competition Section 1 Assessment-5

  37. Analyzing Visuals Analyzing ArtStudy the picture shown here. How is the U.S. Navy portrayed in relation to the Japanese residents of Yokohama? Do you think the artist shows any bias? Why or why not? probable bias; U.S. troops more numerous and surround Japanese representatives Section 1 Assessment-6

  38. End of Section 1

  39. In the previous section, you learned how the United States increased overseas trade and began developing a modern navy. In this section, you will discover how the United States went to war with Spain and how the war expanded American territory. Section 2-GTR 1

  40. In support of the Cuban rebellion and in retaliation for the loss of the USS Maine, the United States declared war on Spain. (p. 301) • The United States fought Spain in both the Pacific and the Caribbean. (p. 303) • • Victory in the Spanish-American War allowed the United States to expand its holdings in the South Pacific and to control Puerto Rico and Cuba. (p. 305) Section 2-GTR 2

  41. yellow journalism, jingoism resource, violate, virtual Section 2-GTR 3

  42. José Martí, William Randolph Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer, Theodore Roosevelt, Platt Amendment Section 2-GTR 4

  43. 1. Describe the circumstances that led to war between the United States and Spain in 1898. 2. Explain how the war made the United States a world power. Section 2-GTR 5

  44. African Americans who fought in the Spanish-American War were organized into units or regiments that were segregated from whites. Almost half of the Cuban revolutionaries fighting with the Americans were black. The black Cuban soldiers were integrated in the rebel army. The sight of black Cuban soldiers fighting alongside whites as equals increased African Americans’ feelings of injustice in the United States. Section 2 DYK

  45. I. The Coming of War (pages 301–303) • A. Cuba, a Spanish colony, provided wealth for Spain with sugarcane plantations. In 1868 Cuban rebels declared independence and began a guerrilla attack against Spanish authorities. After the attack failed, the Cuban rebels fled to the United States to plan a new revolution. Writer and poet José Martí, an exiled leader of Cuba’s revolution, fled to New York City. He raised money from Americans and began purchasing weapons and training troops to prepare for an invasion of Cuba. Section 2 DLN-1

  46. I. The Coming of War (pages 301–303) • B. In 1894, after the United States imposed new tariffs on sugar, the economy of Cuba was devastated. Martí and his followers began a new rebellion in February of 1895. They seized control of eastern Cuba, declared its independence, and set up the Republic of Cuba in September 1895. Section 2 DLN-2

  47. I. The Coming of War (pages 301–303) • C. At the start of the Cuban revolution, Americans were neutral. But after reports in two newspapers, the New York Journal owned by William Randolph Hearst and the New York World owned by Joseph Pulitzer, Americans began to side with the rebels. The newspapers, trying to outdo each other, began to use yellow journalismby running exaggerated stories of Spanish attacks on Cubans. Section 2 DLN-3

  48. I. The Coming of War (pages 301–303) • D. The Cuban rebels attacked and destroyed American property, hoping for American intervention in the war. E. The Spanish appointed General Valeriano Weyler to serve as governor. He caused the deaths of tens of thousands of Cuban villagers by sending them to reconcentration camps. This led Americans to call for intervention in the war. Section 2 DLN-4

  49. I. The Coming of War (pages 301–303) • F. The Spanish ambassador to the U.S., Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, wrote a private letter, describing President McKinley as weak and seeking admiration of Americans. The New York Journal printed the letter, causing Americans to become angry over the insult. G. In February 1898, the USS Maine, anchored in Havana, Cuba, exploded, killing 266 American officers and sailors. Although no one knows why the ship exploded, many Americans blamed Spain. Section 2 DLN-5

  50. I. The Coming of War (pages 301–303) • H. President William McKinley did not want to intervene in the war, fearing it would cost the United States too many lives and hurt the economy. Within the president’s own political party, jingoism was very strong. In 1898, after much pressure, McKinley authorized Congress to declare war on Spain. Section 2 DLN-6

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