Kuznetcova N.

1. Investigation of land erosion processesin the right bank of the Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region Kuznetcova N.

2. At the present time 85% of the agricultural land area in Russia is subjected to various degradation processes • underflooding and waterlogging • shift in the balance of organic matter • stoniness, salinization • loss of biodiversity Degradation processes

3. Виды деградации земель soil compaction (changes in the upper horizon structure of the soil under heavy agricultural machinery) pollution, littering of land landslides

4. Types of land degradation Wind : - daily erosion; - dust storms Erosion Water : - splash erosion; - rill erosion; - sheet erosion

5. Types of land degradation underfloodingand waterlogging overgrown with trees, shrubs, weeds

6. Types of land degradation shift in the balance of organic matter insoil stoniness, salinization of soil

7. Types of land degradation Loss of biodiversity Crops and animals, aquatic organisms, forest trees, microorganisms and invertebrates – thousands of species and their genetic diversity form a networkof biological diversity in ecosystems, on which depends the world's food production.

8. The cartogram of the land erosion of the Nizhny Novgorod region 6604 km² of the agricultural land of the Nizhny Novgorod region are under the influence of the water erosion. It is 24,3% of the total area. The density of a network of gullies and ravines, kм/kм2 The percent of outwash, % < 0,5 0,5 – 1,0 1,1 – 1,5 1,5 – 2,0 < 3,1 3,1 – 5,0 10,1 – 20,0 20,1 – 30,0 > 30,0

9. The cartogram of the land erosion of the right bank of the Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region To a greater extent erosion expands in the central and north-western part of the Right bank area Distribution of land fund by land categories

10. Degree of erosion development in the right bank of the Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region The state of agricultural land in the Right bank, % The state of the arable land in the Right bank, %

11. Degree of erosion development in the right bank of the Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region The quantity of eroded arable land in the total eroded agricultural area, % The volume of eroded arable land in the total eroded agricultural area, th. ha

12. Analysis of the soil cover in the Volga right bank in the Nizhny Novgorod region The soil composition of the agricultural land in the Right bank area, % Eroded soils in the Right bank area, th. ha The soil composition of the eroded agricultural lands in the Right bank, %

13. Analysis of the soil cover in the Volga right bank in the Nizhny Novgorod region The soil composition of the arableland in the Right bank area, % The soil composition of the eroded arablelands in the Right bank, % Eroded soils of the eroded arable lands in the Right bank area, th. ha

14. Agrolandscape assessment of land use The cartogram of atilling in the Right bank A percentage of the total area <10 10 - 25 26 - 40 41 - 60 > 60

15. Agrolandscape assessment of land use The cartogram of atilling in the Right bank A percentage of the total area <10 10 - 25 26 - 40 41 - 60 > 60 The density of a network of gullies and ravines, kм/kм2 < 0,5 0,5 – 1,0 1,1 – 1,5 1,5 – 2,0

16. Agrolandscape assessment of land use The cartogram of anafforestation in the Right bank A percentage of the total area <10 10 - 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 > 60

17. Agrolandscape assessment of land use The cartogram of anafforestation in the Right bank A percentage of the total area <10 10 - 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 > 60 The density of a network of gullies and ravines, kм/kм2 < 0,5 0,5 – 1,0 1,1 – 1,5 1,5 – 2,0

18. Agrolandscape assessment of land use The cartogram of the land erosion of the right bank of the Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region The percent of outwash, % < 3,1 3,1 – 5,0 10,1 – 20,0 20,1 – 30,0 > 30,0 The density of a network of gullies and ravines, kм/kм2 < 0,5 0,5 – 1,0 1,1 – 1,5 1,5 – 2,0

19. Eco landscaping land management • Eco landscaping methodrepresents • the establishment and the scientific justification for the territory organization, that provide as a result of these actions the creation (support) the environmentally sustainable, capable of self-renewal landscape

20. Eco landscaping land management Eco landscaping land management is focused on the creation of sustainable land tenures, which form the basis of agricultural production systems number of work area grassingnarrow gullies designing forest strips

21. Eco landscaping land management Aim - optimization of the land structure and rationaldistributionof agroecologicalplots in the space on the principles of rationalenvironmental management with due regard for environmental factors and local features. • The main features : • binding agrolandscape parcel to the elements of territory organization, • definition ways of land use and land protection, based on the binding

22. Principles Classical principles of rational land use are supplemented with social, economic and environmental orientation: • improvement of living conditions, • preservation or restoration of ecological balance of the eco landscaping land management : Basic principles • principleof efficiency • principleof ubiquity • principleof preventive measures • principleof sustainability • principleof scientific character • principleof compatibility • principleof integration • principleadaptability

23. Principles Principle of scientific character The basis for elaboration of principal proposition : – research data in the areas of knowledge that are closely related with land management, – research data of interaction between society and nature • Principle of compatibility • - ecological balancein the created agricultural landscapes

24. Principles Principle of integration – integrated approach to an organization of the territory • Principle adaptability • – careful selection of cultures and technologies of cultivation • Principle of efficiency • – application of a system of measures, allowing a use the resource potential of the territory in the most ecologically, economically and socially-efficient way

25. Principles Principle of ubiquity – agricultural lands throughout the country Principle of preventive measures – preventive nature of territory organization Principle of sustainability –stabilization of the agricultural landscape ecology

26. Thank you for your attention!