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ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook DOC 9718 – Fifth edition

ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook DOC 9718 – Fifth edition. Presented by: Loftur Jónasson ICAO. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook. Organization of the Handbook. Nine Chapters: 1 – Introduction 2 – Objectives and purpose of the Handbook 3 – The International Telecommunication Union

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ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook DOC 9718 – Fifth edition

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  1. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook DOC 9718 – Fifth edition Presented by: Loftur Jónasson ICAO

  2. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Organization of the Handbook • Nine Chapters: • 1 – Introduction • 2 – Objectives and purpose of the Handbook • 3 – The International Telecommunication Union • 4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework • 5 – ICAO involvement in Frequency and Spectrum • 6 – Overview of the Spectrum Management Process • 7 – Statement of Frequency Allocations and ICAO Policy • 8 – Future Spectrum Requirement • 9 – Interference protection considerations

  3. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook 8 Attachments • A – Definition and Terms • Summary of definitions of terms in the Radio Regulations • B – Acronyms and abbreviations • C – Regulation of Radio in aircraft • is addressed under Chapter 4 • D – Review and update (of the Handbook) • provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions of WRC’s and develop positions for future WRC’s • E – Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences • F – ICAO position for WRC-2012 – addressed in separate presentation • G – Technical Information and Frequency Sharing Criteria • H – ITU Resolutions and Recommendations – as contained in the RR

  4. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 1 - Introduction • Introduces the Handbook and highlights: • RF spectrum is a scarce natural resource and must be available to the States and radio services • Competition between users for spectrum • RF spectrum allocations managed by the ITU • Aeronautical spectrum is for safety and efficiency • RF congestion in spectrum utilization • International competition for spectrum allocations • Various processes on spectrum allocations

  5. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 2 – Objectives and purposes • ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all telecommunication matters • ICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations on aeronautical matters • ICAO presents the internationally agreed aeronautical requirements (ICAO position) for spectrum to ITU -WRC’s • ICAO position to be used by aeronautical authorities on a national level • ICAO position is developed by the Air Navigation Commission • ICAO position and policy statements are approved by Council

  6. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 3 the International Telecommunication Union • The ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all Telecommunication matters. • Other Organizations such as ICAO are not barred from any kind of work on (aeronautical) telecommunications, including Standardization • ITU develops the Radio Regulations at World Radiocommunication Conferences. • Radio Regulations are treaty document and can only be modified at WRC’s

  7. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 3 the International Telecommunication Union • National Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanism for developing national proposals to ITU Conferences • Such proposals take into account the interests of all users of spectrum, including aeronautical interests • The Radio Regulations also include a number of administrative provisions (e.g. on licensing) • Technical work in ITU takes place in the Radiocommunication Study Groups • Regional positions for WRC’s are developed by the Regional Telecommunication organizations.

  8. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 3 the International Telecommunication Union

  9. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • ITU Radio Regulations: • Spectrum allocations • Registration of frequency assignments • Special (administrative) provisions • Frequencies for aviation are for safety • -Spectrum allocations to Services and to each of the three ITU Regions • National or sub-Regional allocations are made through footnotes [to the table of allocations] • Use of HF spectrum is regulated in Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations

  10. Overview of services to which spectrum has been allocated

  11. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • Aeronautical Communications • Allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service: • 2.8 – 30 MHz (HF bands; regulated under Appendix 27) • 117.975 – 137 MHz • 112 – 117.975 MHz, 960 – 1164 MHz • (shared with the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service) • -5091 – 5150 MHz (shared with ARNS , AMS and AMT) • Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations contains detailed provisions on the use and coordination of HF frequencies

  12. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • Allocations for use by radionavigation have been made to the • Radionavigation Service • Radionavigation-satellite Service • Aeronautical Radionavigation Service • Special provisions require States to remove interference from radionavigation services • Provisions for the identification of radio navigation systems (e.g. The Morse code on ILS) are contained in the Radio Regulations

  13. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • Relation of ITU provisions with ICAO SARPs • The ITU Radio Regulations contain the internationally agreed policies on the use of RF spectrum by ALL radio services • ICAO SARPs that affect the use of RF spectrum must comply with these policies • Radio Regulations and SARPs form a complimentary set of provisions on the use of RF spectrum by aviation

  14. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • Frequency coordination and registration • In principle, coordination of frequency assignments between States to be performed by ITU • In practice, the coordination of frequency assignments for aviation is performed by ICAO (Regional Offices) for: • NDB • ILS, VOR, DME, GBAS • VHF COM • ICAO can assist in pre-coordination of HF frequency assignments

  15. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • ITU Standards and ITU Recommendations • ITU does not develop standards for aeronautical radio systems • ITU develops ITU-R Recommendations which may affect the use of aeronautical systems • In most cases, ITU-R Recommendations address aspects on sharing of frequency spectrum • (co-frequency and adjacent frequency)

  16. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • Radio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to the Handbook) needs to comply with: • Telecommunication regulations: • Operate in properly allocated aeronautical frequency bands • Comply with technical provisions on spurious emission • Comply with relevant ITU-R Recommendations • Operate in accordance with a radio station license • Aeronautical regulations • Operators and station license recognized by States • Equipment covered by airworthiness certification • Comply with provisions of Annex 10

  17. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services • National regulations • National authorities issue radio station licence • License is for the installation and use of radio equipment and is recognized by all ICAO contracting States • Airworthiness approval required • Airworthiness approval • To secure compatibility with other radio equipment and electronic systems on board an aircraft • Technical Standing Order • Minimum Performance Specifications

  18. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 5 ICAO involvement in frequency planning • ICAO develops Standards for communication and navigation systems (Article 37 of the ICAO Convention) • Equipment needs to be globally interoperable and requires globally available spectrum allocations • ICAO coordinates aeronautical input on spectrum issues to ITU conferences • Input from ICAO addresses issues such as: • Protection of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) • Interference levels • Resolution of interference • Frequency planning criteria for aviation

  19. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 5 ICAO involvement in frequency planning • ICAO activities on spectrum planning are at: • Global level (ACP WG F): • Develops ICAO policy statements; these are to be used in all discussions affecting aeronautical spectrum • ICAO position for ITU on specific aeronautical requirements to be discussed at WRC’s • Regional level: • Coordination of ICAO frequency assignment plans • Support from individual ICAO contracting States is essential

  20. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 6 Overview of the spectrum management process • Regulatory domain • ITU Radio Regulations • Technical domain: • ITU-R Recommendations • Licensing domain: • Radio station licence (issued by States) • Registration domain: • ITU international Frequency list • ICAO frequency lists

  21. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 6 Overview of the spectrum management process • Elements of the technical domain: • Allocation planning • World wide or Regional allocations • Primary or secondary allocations • Footnote allocations • Service sharing • ITU-R Recommendations • Frequency planning • ITU frequency assignment plans • ICAO frequency assignment plans

  22. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 6 Overview of the spectrum management process • State of the art and spectrum management: • Recent advances through increased use of computer technology in frequency assignment planning • New technology introduces system improvements resulting in more efficient use of spectrum (e.g. 8.33 kHz channel spacing)

  23. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 6 Overview of the spectrum management process • Spectrum management in the future: • Greater demand for spectrum expected from all radio services • Spectrum planning focuses on increased sharing of spectrum between services • Spectrum planning focuses on releasing spectrum not used or not efficiently used • In some countries spectrum pricing is being proposed • Progressive introduction of more spectrum efficient systems

  24. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy • Section 7-IList of frequency bands for aviation • Section 7-IICivil aviation frequency allocations • Section 7-III Other provisions in the Radio Regulations • Section 7-IVITU Resolutions and Recommendations

  25. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy • Section 7-I: • List of frequency bands in use for civil aviation

  26. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy 7 detailed graphical presentations of the aeronautical frequency bands

  27. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy • Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations: • Primary allocation • Has priority over a secondary allocation • Secondary allocation • Shall not cause harmful interference to a primary allocation and must accept interference from a primary allocation – at any time

  28. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy • Frequencies are: • Allocated to Services (Radio Regulations) • Allotted to areas (Radio Regulations; allotment plans) • Assigned to [radio] stations – • (by States, after international coordination is completed)

  29. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy (6) • Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations, continued • Layout in Handbook for details on frequency allocations • ITU provisions relevant to the allocation • ITU provisions relevant to the allocation • ICAO policy statements (established by Council) • Description of aeronautical use • Commentary (background information) • Note that in Revision 5 of the Handbook, the below has been moved to Appendix G: • Reference material - (ICAO, ITU, Industry Standards (RTCA, EUROCAE) • Interference from non-aeronautical sources (if available)

  30. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy Example: Frequency allocation for the band 108 -117.975 MHz as per ITU Radio Regulations

  31. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy ICAO policy statement as approved by Council for the band: 108 – 117.975 MHz

  32. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy • Aviation use: • Description of the systems (ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4) using the band 108 – 117.975 MHz • Commentary: • Background information on the use of the band 108 – 117.975 MHz by aviation.

  33. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy

  34. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy • Additional Technical References in Attachment G: • References to relevant material in: • ICAO Annex 10 - (specifications for ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4) • RTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipment • ARINC Characteristics • ITU-R Recommendations • References to information specific to interference from FM broadcasting stations

  35. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy • Section 7-III; Radio Regulations and other material: • ITU Constitution and Convention • ICAO participates as an observer in an advisory capacity • Radio Regulations Administrative provisions • No. 3.3 – incorporate technical means to reduce interference • No. 4.4 – States can use frequencies in a manner that does not comply with the Radio Regulations – However, such use must protect stations which operate in compliance with the Radio Regulations • No. 4.10 – States recognize the safety aspects of radionavigation • No. 15.8 – Special consideration to be given to avoid interference on distress and safety services • Chapter V Section III – Formation of call signs • No. 44.1 – Order of priority of communications

  36. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 8 Future Spectrum Requirements • The Handbook identifies future spectrum requirements for: • GNSS augmentation • GBAS • SBAS • LAAS/WAAS • Synthetic vision • HF data link • VDL Mode 4 • ADS-B • Future Communication Systems

  37. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 9 Interference protection considerations • Interference issues: • Regulatory aspects • Management and control of interference • Assessment of protection of aeronautical services • Some special cases • General protection limits for aeronautical services

  38. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 9 Interference protection considerations • Regulatory aspects: • Harmful interference (RR1.169) • Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio Regulations (CS). • Safety Service (RR 1.59) • Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily for the safeguarding of human life and property. • Aviation safety factor • 6dB, to be added to the minimum protection level • Registration of frequencies • Registration provides administrative protection from harmful interference

  39. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 9 Interference protection considerations • Management and control of interference: • International agreement on a regulatory basis • ITU Radio Regulations Board • System and equipment standards • ICAO SARPs • RTCA and EUROCAE specifications • ITU-R Recommendations • Licensing of radio services • Licensing conditions can assist in prevention and removal of interference • Control and clearance of interference • Telecommunication authority within a State • ICAO (Regional Office) • ITU (Radiocommunication Bureau)

  40. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 9 Interference protection considerations • Assessment of protection of aeronautical services: • Subject to analysis (e.g. in case of allocation sharing) • Based on interference threshold, established by aviation • Aviation safety factor (6 dB) • Variables to be considered in assessment / analysis • Source of interference • Frequency separation • Distance separation • Receiver susceptibility to interference • RF propagation

  41. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 9 Interference protection considerations • Some special cases: • ISM • Harmonic relation between ISM frequencies and aeronautical VHF bands • VSAT /SNG • These systems use small satellite antennas and can be located anywhere; can cause interference in the near vicinity of aircraft (e.g. if used at airports)

  42. ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 9 Interference protection considerations • General protection limits for aeronautical services • Limits apply only to intra-system interference; can not be used for assessing interference with other systems

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