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Chapter 3:

Chapter 3:. Solubility, valence, covalence, electrovalence, the octet rule. SOLUBILITY. “Likes dissolve likes” Non-polar solvents (eg. TTE) dissolve non-polar solutes (eg. Iodine)

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Chapter 3:

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  1. Chapter 3: Solubility, valence, covalence, electrovalence, the octet rule

  2. SOLUBILITY • “Likes dissolve likes” • Non-polar solvents (eg. TTE) dissolve non-polar solutes (eg. Iodine) • Polar solvents (eg. Water) dissolve polar and ionic solutes (eg. Anything with full or partial charges such as salts, alcohol, etc) • Opposite charges still attract. Something with charges dissolves something else with charges and non-polar dissolves non-polar

  3. Valence, Covalence, Electrovalence • Valence shell: outer shell • Valence: How many bonds it forms (by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons). • Covalence: (Non-metals) How many electrons the element must share to fill its outer shell (how many shared pairs) • Electrovalence: (Metal and non-metal) The charge on the ions in the compound Eg. The charge in an ionic compound from losing or gaining electrons to empty or fill its outer shell

  4. Recall: Metals LOSE electrons. Non-metals gain (ionic) or share (covalent) electrons

  5. IONIC AND COVALENT BONDING: THE OCTET RULE • Group VIIIA (18) is chemically stable (“inert”: little or no ability to react). The rest of the elements in the periodic table seem to copy this stability by losing (metals) or gaining/sharing (non-metals) electrons until their outer shell is full. This usually means 8 electrons in the outer shell 8 8 8 8

  6. ISOELECTRONIC: See Overhead

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