1 / 58

INTO The DARK: the FAR FUTURE of OUR universe

INTO The DARK: the FAR FUTURE of OUR universe. Fred C. Adams University of Michigan. The Copernican Time Principle. The current cosmological epoch has no special significance. Interesting physics processes will continue to take place in the future, despite decreasingly energy levels.

sigourney-sandoval
Download Presentation

INTO The DARK: the FAR FUTURE of OUR universe

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INTO The DARK:the FAR FUTUREof OUR universe Fred C. Adams University of Michigan

  2. The Copernican Time Principle The current cosmological epoch has no special significance. Interesting physics processes will continue to take place in the future, despite decreasingly energy levels

  3. Yet Another Principle: The cosmological future informs our understanding of astrophysics in the present day universe.

  4. Cosmological Decade

  5. Cosmic Timeline

  6. Five Ages of the Universe • Primordial Era n < 6 • Stelliferous Era n = 6 - 14 • Degenerate Era n = 14 - 40 • Black Hole Era n = 40 - 100 • Dark Era n > 100

  7. The Inflationary Universe (Guth) Time in seconds

  8. Matter > Antimatter

  9. Dark matter abundance freezes before universe is 1 second old

  10. The synthesis of light elements begins when the universe is one second old and ends three minutes later…

  11. Helium Deuterium Lithium (Schramm)

  12. The Primordial Era • The Big Bang • Inflation • Matter > Antimatter • Quarks --- protons & neutrons • Nuclear synthesis of the light elements • Cosmic Microwave Background • Universe continues to expand

  13. WMAP: Cosmic Background Radiation

  14. Large Scale Structure of the Universe The VIRGO consortium

  15. The Present Epoch

  16. Cosmological Parameters

  17. 14 Gyr 54 Gyr Island Universe 92 Gyr

  18. Dark matter halos approach a well-defined asymptotic form with unambiguous total mass, outer radius, density profile

  19. Andromeda: Our sister galaxy

  20. Collision with Andromeda

  21. C B A

  22. Earth swallowed by the Sun (probably…)

  23. Red Dwarf saves the Earth moon red dwarf sun earth

  24. Red dwarf captures the Earth Sun exits with one red dwarf as a binary companion 9000 year interaction Earth exits with the other red dwarf Sun and Earth encounter binary pair of red dwarfs

  25. Solar System Scattering Many Parameters + Chaotic Behavior Many Simulations Monte Carlo Scheme

  26. Cross Sections vs Stellar Mass 1.0 M 2.0 M 0.25 M 0.5 M

  27. Galilean Satellites: Icy worlds are easy to make Ganymede Callisto Io Europa

  28. Some current data suggest that life on Earth might have originated deep underground, independent of sunlight, so that life could arise on frozen planets across the Galaxy.

  29. Galaxy continues to make new stars. • Time scales are • lengthened by: • Recycling • Infall onto disk • Reduced SF rate

  30. Star formation continues until the galaxy runs out of gas (at n = 14)

  31. Long term Evolution of Red Dwarfs Log[L] Temperature

  32. Life Span of Red Dwarfs Lifetime (Trillion yr) Mass (Msun)

  33. Late time light curve for Milky Way (Adams, Graves, & Laughlin 2004)

  34. The Stelliferous Era • Stars dominate energy production • Lowest mass stars increasingly important • Star formation and stellar evolution end near cosmological decade n = 14 • Future tells us why stars become red giants, why dark matter halos have their forms, how to define the mass of a galaxy, new results on orbit instabilities, dynamical scattering…

  35. Nuclear physics determines how stellar evolution takes place, and sets the cosmic abundance of the elements, as well as the inventory of the Degenerate Era…

  36. Inventory of Degenerate Era • Brown dwarfs(from brown dwarfs) • White dwarfs(from most stars, M=0.08-8) • Neutron stars(from massive stars M > 8) • Stellar Black Holes(from largest stars) BD WD

  37. Brown Dwarf Collisions J. Barnes

  38. White Dwarfs of Degenerate Era Accrete Dark Matter Particles Power = quadrillions of watts

  39. Dynamical Relaxation of the Galaxy • Stellar scattering changes the structure of the galaxy over time • Spiral disk becomes extended and diffuse • Most stars are lost, but a few fall to center Time scale = 20 cosmological decades

  40. Proton Decay • Many possible channels • Lifetime is recklessly uncertain • Experiments show that n > 33 • Theory implies that n < 45 • Changes the universe more dramatically than any other process in our future history

  41. Proton decay channel P

  42. Fate of Degenerate Objects Power Temperature

  43. The Degenerate Era • Inventory includes Brown Dwarfs, White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes • Star formation through brown dwarf collisions • White dwarfs capture dark matter particles • Galaxy relaxes dynamically • Black holes accrete stars, gas, and grow • Era ends when Protons decay at cosmological decade n = 40

  44. Every galaxy has a supermassive black hole anchoring its center Mbh = millions to billions of Suns

  45. Every galaxy produces about one million stellar mass black holes

More Related