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Rural Development CHALLENGES & PROSPECTS

Rural Development CHALLENGES & PROSPECTS. Saroj K. Dash Deputy Director, SIRD. Planning for Rural Development …. A complex process which envisages the development of rural areas. Aims at all round development of people living in Rural areas.

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Rural Development CHALLENGES & PROSPECTS

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  1. Rural Development CHALLENGES & PROSPECTS • Saroj K. Dash • Deputy Director, SIRD

  2. Planning for Rural Development …. • A complex process which envisages the development of rural areas. • Aims at all round development of people living in Rural areas. • Aims at improving Rural peoples’ livelihood in an equitable and sustainable manner. • Objectives of RD Programmes ….. alleviation of poverty and un-employment through creation of basic, social and economic infrastructure thereby bringing a quality rural life.

  3. Development Perspective • Rural infrastructure and habitat development • Poverty reduction • Provision of basic minimum services • Employment generation • Making available basic necessities

  4. The Poorest and The Weakest  • 15% of World’s Population live on less than $1/day • 40% of World’s Population live on less than $2/day • More than 850 million suffer from hunger • One in 7 people go to bed hungry • 17000 children die every day from hunger • 25% of the world’s poor live in India • 73% of India’s poor live in rural areas • 47%of Orissa” population-poor Source : Policy Research Working Paper World Bank August 2008

  5. 850 (212)Million Hungry People Where are they? Who are they? Others Pastoralists/ Fishermen (8%) (30m, 4%) Sub-Saharan Africa Asia & Pacific Urban Poor (20%) (206m, 24%) (without India) (312m, 37%) Marginal Farmers (50%) North East and North Africa, (38m, 4%) Latin America and Caribbean (52m, 6%) Landless Rural Poor (22%) India (212m, 25%) Source : FAO estimates of 2006

  6. Poverty Ratio Total Rural Poverty in India Poverty Ratio 60 55 51 50 44 40 38 35 Poverty Ratio (%) 30 27.5 20 10 0 1973-74 1977-78 1983 1987-88 1993-94 2004-05 Years Absolute Poor in India 329 323 321 320 350 307 302 264 300 261 252 244 232 221 250 Poor in million 200 150 100 50 0 1973-74 1977-78 1983 1987-88 1993-94 2004-05 Years Source : As per NSSO rounds India

  7. Causes for Poverty and Vulnerability • Little control over their own Life And Destiny • Employment Insecurity and Low Incomes • Lack of Control over Common Resources • Lack of Assets and Entitlements • Low Productivity of Assets • Illiteracy, Poor Health and Nutritional Status • Lack of Access to Credit, Information & Technology

  8. “Paradigm Shift in Approach” areDemand Driven aim at Universal Coverage aim at Empowerment of the Poor are Time Bound follow Participatory Approach have built in Transparency and Accountability

  9. India’s Vision for the future • India has outlined targets based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) • The first goal is to Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger • “Inclusive Growth” and “Paradigm Shift in Approach” are the Mainstay

  10. Coverage of Vulnerable Coverage of SCs, Coverage of OTHERS (Children, minorities) WOMEN Coverage of STs, Coverage of Women Promoting Inclusive Growth through Planned Programs

  11. R. D. PROGRAMS … A Profile RD programs can be divided in to four categories : • Programs for Self and Wage Employment. • Programs for Rural Infrastructure & Minimum Basic Needs. • Programs for Natural Resources Management; and, • Programs for Social Security.

  12. PROGRAMS FOR SELF AND WAGE EMPLOYMENT Guaranteeing Wage Employment Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) Promoting Self Employment Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)

  13. PROGRAMS FOR RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE &MINIMUM BASIC NEEDS • Prime Minister’s Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) • Swajaldhara • Central Rural Sanitation Program (CRSP/TSC) • PURA (Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas) • Integrated Rural Housing Scheme (IRHS) • Indira Awaas Yojana • Samagra Awaas Yojana • Pradhan Mantri Gramdoya Yojana (G.A) • Credit-cum-Subsidy Scheme

  14. PROGRAMS FORNATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT • Integrated Wasteland Development Program (IWDP) (Watershed Development and Hariyali) • Land Consolidation • Land Reforms • Computerization of Land Records

  15. PROGRAMS FOR SOCIAL SECURITY NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR SOCIAL ASSISTANCE (NSAP) • Old Age Pension, Widow Pension • National Family Benefit Scheme • National Maternity Benefit Scheme • ICDS and Allied Services • Subsidized Food for Old & Destitute • Annapoorna • Antodaya

  16. National Campaigns … • National Rural Health Mission • Health for All – 2010 • SarbaSikshaAbhiyan • Education for All – 2010 • Rajiv Gandhi Rural Electrification Mission • National Hort Mission/RKVY • And Many More …….

  17. Challenges … • Most programmes represented top-down, techno-bureaucratic solutions to poverty alleviation • Peoples’ participation in planning, designing, implementation and monitoring lacking • In implementation most programmes reduced to chasing paper targets • Little or no gender focus – assumption that improvement in status of family will automatically improve status of women belied by experience • Programmes conceptualized for women did not enable them to pull themselves out of a disadvantageous situation • No flexibility to adapt programme design to local conditions

  18. Challenges…. • High Adm. Costs of Program Implementation. • Low importance of Social Dev. Programmes to PRI. • Perils of centralisation of Program Administration. • Multiplicity of Agencies & Difficulties in Coordination. • Technical deptt. entrusted with routine jobs • Lack of result oriented planning, Monitoring & Evaluation • Program Leakages

  19. Prospects …. • Organising the poor for greater participation • Unity of plan & policy • Emphasis on coordination rather than on control • Scheme to originate from PRIs and not state/ centre • Simplification of procedures/ norms • Adoption of package approach • PRIs as corporate bodies • Focus on HRD • Creation of satisfactory monitoring system to measure & regulate performance during implementation

  20. Prospects ….  • Create Rights and Legal Guarantees for rural poor • Decentralise Planning and Implementation • Set up well defined Systems with clear Guidelines • Involve Partners and Stakeholders • Converge Schemes with Common Objectives • Incentivise Achievements • Ensure Transparency and Accountability • Use IT platform for effective Monitoring • Establish Grievance Redressal Mechanism

  21. Strengthening Grassroot Processes of Democracy Large Scale Capacity Building Financial Inclusion Grievance Redressal Mechanism Social Audits ICT in MIS

  22. Moving Towards the Millennium Development Goals Indicator MDG Target Status Value by 2015 Proportion of population 18.75(%) Latest surveys show poverty at 27.50 (%) below poverty line well on target to reaching the goal. Literacy rate of 100.00 (%) Literacy has gone up to over 76 (%)15-24 year olds for this age group. Infant Mortality rate 27.00 India’s rate already has come down from(per 1000 live births) 80 in 1990 to 58 in 2006. Population with access 80.5 (%) India has already touched 82 percent. to water source (rural) Population with access to 72 (%) It is expected to achieve the target by 2012 sanitation (rural) itself. Source: MDG India Country Report, M/o Statistics & Programme Implementation.

  23. “ Be the change you want to see in the world” Mahatma Gandhi 1927

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