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Consequences of Dissimilar Group Members

Advantages richer pool of information greater opportunity for learning from difference potential division of labor lower risk of group-think broader buy-in. Disadvantages higher start-up costs time consuming greater conflict potential marginalization ambiguous responsibility.

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Consequences of Dissimilar Group Members

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  1. Advantages richer pool of information greater opportunity for learning from difference potential division of labor lower risk of group-think broader buy-in Disadvantages higher start-up costs time consuming greater conflict potential marginalization ambiguous responsibility Consequences of Dissimilar Group Members

  2. Advantages lower start-up costs more group cohesion greater “efficiency” greater validation of solution less conflict Disadvantages fewer unique perspectives solution-mindedness tendency to groupthink limited capacity to learn from differences Consequences of Similar Group Members

  3. Individual Strategies for “Minority” Influence • Express yourself--you owe it to your group. • Differentiate your position clearly and provide solid justifications for it • Demand a full explanation of alternative positions • Refer to group, rather than personal, outcomes • Consider your own motives. Choose your fights.

  4. Group Strategies for Surfacing Unique Perspectives • Develop norms that require universal participation (e.g., check-in at beginning of meeting) • Encourage disagreement (but not acrimony) • View defining problem as a critical task • Recheck opinions of all members before finalizing a decision

  5. Common Group Decision Biases • Common information effect: little time for sharing unique information • Abilene Paradox: group agreements don’t coincide with any individual preference • Groupthink: group cohesion valued over quality of decision outcome • Risky Shift: group judgments are more extreme than individual judgments

  6. Important Issues for Teams: Team Handbook • Who are we? • What do we want to accomplish? • How can we organize ourselves to meet our goals? • How will we operate? • How can we continuously learn and improve?

  7. Organizing Our Team • Work structure • Specify task, deadlines, and goals • Allocate work, responsibilities, and deliverables • Roles • process: facilitating, timekeeping, recording • task: planning, overseeing outputs, managing contingencies • Norms • meetings, leadership, communication, decision-making • norms around changing norms (ongoing and periodic feedback)

  8. Operating as a Team • Agenda: time, place, purpose, items to be covered, preparation needed, outputs expected • Brainstorming: allow time, encourage creativity, record all ideas, don’t evaluate • Decision-making: agree on method and on mechanisms and times for changing method • Communicating across differences: • use check-ins and check-outs • use visual displays and notes • recognize different cultures and languages

  9. Critical Clues *** Rick Rooney Exonerates Mickey Malone (3-4) Millie Smith (at coffee shop & golf course) *** Dave Daniels Exonerates Billy Prentice (1) (quiet car drops wallet) *** (next) Marion Guion Implicates Eddie Sullivan (2) (truck not in carport, 6:40 a.m.) *** (next) Billy Prentice Implicates Eddie Sullivan *** (truck in carport, 8:00 a.m.)

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